Genetic Disorders: Otitis Media

American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians article regarding acute otitis media is a filtered resource. It is an appropriate source for nursing practice because; it establishes clinical guidelines to diagnose and manage AOM. It also establishes guidelines when to treat the signs and symptoms of AOM, watchful waiting, or to treat with an antibiotic. This article is classified as an evidence based guideline because, it reviews multiple research literatures in a systemic manner and provides

This evidence meets the criteria for a filtered source. It was sourced online from the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics and Family Physicians. Specialists from multi medical disciplines assembled to create an integrative systematic study and review of the current evidence- based literature available for the treatment and management of Acute Otitis Media (AOM). The conclusions and findings were utilized to devise guidelines and a practice protocol that recommended early diagnosis and makes

The article from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) that addresses acute otitis media (AOM) is a filtered resource. This article is appropriate for use in nursing practice as it establishes diagnosis and management guidelines for the treatment of AOM. In addition the article recommends treatment options for the symptoms of AOM and addresses the concept of watchful waiting. The is an evidence based guideline as it provides recommendations for practice and was created a systematic review and best clinical research in clinical literature. The Block article, Causative Pathogens,

Acute Otitis Media (AOM), inflammation or infection of the middle ear, is an illness most parents have had experience with. Countless hours of lost sleep and worry secondary to their child’s pain and distress can keep even the most seasoned parents awake at night. Before the age of 36 months, 83% of children will experience 1 or more ear infections and AOM is the most common reason for office visits of preschoolers in the United States (Zhou, Shefer, Kong & Nuorti, 2008). The graphic below serves as a review of evidence and explores the usefulness of the information in relation to the option of watchful waiting in the management of AOM.

Otitis media (OM) is the main source of ear disease in Indigenous children (AIHW, 2014). OM can lead to fluctuating hearing loss and it usually does not show any symptoms so that detect without specialist screening is difficult (AIHW, 2014). Indigenous children’s development and schooling would be seriously affected as early childhood hearing loss is detrimental to brain development, lead to low language development and poor social development (AIHW, 2014). In Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, the disease embodies early, often within the first two weeks of life, and usually presents as middle ear effusion, or glue ear (AIHW, 2014). The reasons for high rates of ear disease in Indigenous children are household overcrowding, passive smoking, premature birth, bottle feeding and malnutrition (AIHW, 2014). For the improvement measures, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination and routine child ear and hearing check can help to improve these ear diseases (AIHW,

Otitis Externa is most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acute otitis media can be caused by bacterial or viral pathogens. Some of the pathogens associated with acute otitis media (AOM) include, S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The common cold or rhinosinusitis is likely caused by rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, enteroviruses, influenza and parainfluenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus (Burns, Dunn, Brady, Starr, & Blosser, 2013). Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is a result of the S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis and/or B-hemolytic streptococci bacterias. Sore throats or acute pharyngitis is 90 percent of the time caused by a viruse. Bacterial sore throats are often a result of the group A streptococci bacteria. According to Burns et al., 2013, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, groups C and G streptococci, and Arcanobacterium hemolyticum can cause acute pharyngitis. Pathogens that typically cause infections of the tonsils include B-hemolytic streptococci, group D streptococcus, and S. pneumonia (Burns, et al., 2013). The pathogens involved in acute cervical adenitis include B-hemolytic strep, staphylococcus, B. heneslae, viruses, and atypical

“It’s very common among young children because the Eustachian tubes in their ears haven’t come into their proper position yet,” says Dr. Joseph Scianna of Northern Illinois ENT Specialists in Sycamore. He’s the specialist Corbin’s pediatrician

ear infections (American Academy of Otolaryngology). There are antibiotics for these diseases, but over the years they have been becoming more resistant.

▸ Otitis Media is an infection of the middle ear and is most common in children because of the shape

Otitis externa is cellulites of the external auditory canal. The most common pathogens include, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bullous myringitis is inflammation of the tympanic membrane; common pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Acute otitis media in an acute infection of the middle ear; most common pathogen includes S pneumoniae and H influenza (35-45%). The third most pathogen is M catarrhalis (15-18) and the fourth most common pathogen is Streptococcus pyogenes.

*Ear Infections - Fluid trapped in a child’s ears can cause them pain and lead to a fever. This causes great discomfort to the child and parents can feel helpless in not knowing what to do.

When a patient presents with otitis media it is important to distinguish if the diagnosis is acute otitis media or otitis media with effusion (Woo & Wynne, 2012). According to Woo & Wynne (2012) acute otitis media also known as AOM can be recognized as a fluid that becomes present in the middle ear that is commonly associated with fever, otalgia, otorrhea, or an immobile tympanic membrane. Otitis media with effusion presents with the fluid in the middle ear but is absent of other symptoms of illness as described above. Due to the fact that otitis media only assumes a viral role about 35 percent of the time and it can clear up within 7 to 14 days without treatment, it is important to assess the patient’s true risks and benefits with antibiotic

There is a fifty percent that you will get otosclerosis without any symptoms if one of the parents have otosclerosis in their genes. In other words, otosclerosis is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable penetrance.

(-- removed HTML --) An ear, nose, and throat doctor, or ENT, is not the only one who can benefit from possessing an otoscope. If your loved one tends to develop ear pain on a regular basis, having an otoscope in your medicine cabinet will help you to determine if a physician visit is required. By examining ears when they are healthy with your otoscope, you can learn to identify when an issue like a build-up of cerumen, or ear wax, begins to appear. (-- removed HTML --)

Acute Otitis Media often resulting from bacterial or viral infection of the fluid in middle ear. The most common bacterial pathogen that cause Acute otitis media is Streptococcus pneumoniae. But other bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella Catarrhalis are also causing acute otitis media. The most common virus that cause acute otitis media are: Rhino virus, Influenza virus, adeno virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. (CDC,2017).