GEOGRAPHICAL IMPORTANCE OF FATA
1. INTRODUCTION
The spectacular land in which the Pathans live has had a major effect on their history and their way of life.
— J. W. Spain
Geography has a significant position in making of a nation’s fortune; either in the shape of geo-politics or geo-economics. It can shower blessings or bring curse to the residents of the locality as one can’t change the geography. It is well said that a state’s political system, economic structure, judicial organization, demographic size and relations with other states can change according to the needs and aspirations of the people but one thing remains constant, and that is “geography”. If one cannot change the geography of a region but at least can mould its
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First Anglo-Afghan War (1839-42)
It was understood both in London and Calcutta, which was then the headquarters of the East India Company, that the Amir of Afghanistan was entering into secret negotiations with Russia. Accordingly, in 1838, the Government of India declared war against Afghanistan. Since Ranjit Singh, the ruler of the Punjab would not give passage to the English army through his territory, Auckland, the British Governor-General of India, decided to dispatch his forces through Sindh. In 1839, the British-led Indian Army passed through Sindh and Balochistan and conquered Kandhar and Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan. During the winter of 1841-42, there was a mass uprising against foreign forces and the Indian army comprising twelve thousand soldiers left the city of Kabul along with their followers and marched eastward in the direction of Jalalabad for safety. The tribesmen gradually destroyed the entire Indian forces while on retreat. By January 1842, only one Dr. Brydon was able to reach Jalalabad to narrate the tragic story of the massacre of their comrades. “A large British-led army had not been wiped out so completely in living memory.” Owing to their terrible defeat in the First Anglo-Afghan War (1838-42) the British had realized that the task of ruling over the tribal territory in NWFP and Afghanistan was beyond their resources in India. Thus they followed the policy of “close door policy” and their interest in the affairs of the tribal
Argentina is a great place to live, it has so many beautiful places to visit, and wonderful food to eat, as well as many wonderful things to do. This paper will apply all five themes of geography to Argentina. The 5 themes of geography are location, place, human environmental-interaction, movement, and lastly regions.
The land helped form their mentality as they worked their way across it and through it by working on their souls.
In the video “Guns, Germs, and Steel: Episode 3”, the relationship between geography and history is examined and, to no surprise, it is extremely strong. In fact, it may arguably be the strongest determining factor of a nation’s success. It is also important to note that geography is one of the most important factors in shaping a nation’s culture and way of life. This means that a nation who is successful in their own geography may not be as successful in one that is very different from what they are used to. Europe’s dominance over Africa is a fantastic example of this.
Changes are an important part of history, and a natural part of life. In the case of geography throughout history, the world has made many changes to its borders and who has grievances with one another. From the High Middle Ages of olden Europe, to the twentieth century, change has occurred. These changes have unified and broken ties between countries and regions time and time again throughout history. There are many forces that push toward and against unity throughout time. The world map became what is today because of both unity and division marking change in the past.
Harm de Blij’s book, Why Geography Matters poses a central theme, which I have heard discussed multiple times. Blij argues that the American public is the most geographically illiterate society in the world. Blij blames this decline with the poorly formulated curricula in the American school systems, which ultimately originates from Washington D.C. and the people that run this country. If I had never seen this central theme in action in a classroom I would have been dumbfounded.
A: The study of geopolitics adds environmental contexts, locational considerations, spatial assumptions, and territorial ideas and arrangements to political science. Also, geopolitics helps people understand the spatial power arrangements that form international relations.
As an educated citizen there are many benefits of developing spatial mentality. For one, it greatly aids in understanding what is going on in the news. For example, in order to understand “The Separation Strategy in Iraq”, it is beneficial to first know where Iraq is. Secondly, to be able to not just understand where Iraq is, but to understand the longstanding tensions between the Sunnis and the Shiites aids greatly in having a full understanding of the issue at hand. In addition, people should have an idea of where their food comes from. For example, in the article “As It Woos Syngenta, Monsanto Mounts Campaign to Combat Critics”, Monsanto attempts to raise awareness of its presence in countries like Brazil and India. To a spatially uneducated reader, that does not sound impressive; but to a reader who grasps what that means, it is a smart business move. This is because Brazil and India are major agricultural exporters so for Monsanto to get a foot in the door with those countries could make the company billions. A final reason to gain good spatial mentality is to understand the migration patterns that people unknowingly witness everyday. So often people brush migration patterns off as chance, without realizing the deep history that often is the root of the patterns. For example, the article “Blending French and African Cultures” is about how women who have migrated from Africa, especially
Geography is rarely a subject regarded with much esteem; even at the collegiate level, geography seems to slip through the cracks as an important subject. Many people don’t consider geography to be important in their fields, and therefore don’t give it much thought—but this is a misconception, a grave error oft repeated that would detract from anyone’s education. What isn’t taken into account is that human geography is not merely cartography—it is the study of the earth, and that includes so much more than landmasses and boundaries, facts and figures. Geography is relevant in numerous and assorted settings, from economics to religion.
After participating in the Google Slide Presentation, What is Geography? and watching the video clip, reflect on the following questions and images.
The Taliban began to take down the local warlords and feudal system and began to make a name for themselves in the region. This brought the support of neighboring Pakistan, with the ulterior motive of attempting to establish a friendly, stable government in Kabul. The fighting caused a sudden influx of refugees to Pakistan’s border regions, which interfered with Pakistan’s trade. The Taliban eventually gained control of Kandahar, where they acquired their new weapons, and Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. Despite the Taliban’s successes, they had opposition from warlords in the north such as Massoud. Massoud originally had control of Kabul but lost this when the Taliban invaded, pushing him north. Once he was forced to flee, he began to receive outside support from countries such as Russia and Iran. They both feared the growth of the Taliban, and Russia had reason to believe the Taliban was
Russian military involvement in Afghanistan has a long history, going back to Tsarist expansions in the long standing relationship between Russia and Britain (Rubin 1995). This began in the 19th century with such events as the Panjdeh Incident, a military conflict that occurred in 1885 when Russian forces seized Afghan territory south of the Oxus River around an oasis at Panjdeh (Rubin 1995). This interest in the region continued on through the Soviet era, with billions in economic and military aid sent to Afghanistan between 1955 and 1978 (Rubin 1995).
The military commander in Kabul was Major General William Elphinestone, generally regarded as “elderly” although he was only 55 years old. Elphinestone had fought in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, whose health was deteriorating and not fit for the job. Right after the assassinations, the British
Geography is an important factor to consider when you look at this worlds past, present, or future. So whether it be the earths physical geographic features, the geopolitics stirring up trouble across the globe, or the economics of growing or shrinking countries; geography plays a major role. In todays society, geographic knowledge is one of the most important and valuable tools to possess. Without it, we are victims of ignorance and endanger ourselves, others, and the world. This ignorance, possessed by many, is posing a great risk of self-destruction. The author of “Why Geography Matters More Than Ever”, Harm de Blij, makes many strong points on this matter, but occasionally makes unsupported and unclear statements which tend to stray off topic.
Guns, Germs, and Steel is a well written book by James Diamond exemplifying the true meaning of human geography. One of the essentials to fully understand geography is to know about human geography, sometimes also known as cultural geography. Human geography or cultural geography, is the study of why people are where they are. Human geography is also the relationship of cultures around the world and how they relate to their origin. Throughout the book, Diamond examines the conflict of the book: why are some societies more advanced than other societies?
Much of my passion for Geography is derived from the fact that it depicts relevance to all aspects of society. It is dynamic in a sense that my perception and understanding is constantly evolving with the growth in understanding and perception. What intrigues my further pursuit of geography is how Geography unlike other subjects has direct links to both human and physical attributes. By further pursuing geography at a higher education level, I wish to enrich my understanding of the wider significance of issues being faced and how it affects society on a local and global level. It is important to identify and understand the interconnecting aspects of the world around us and apply such knowledge towards a more sustainable future. Geography