With reference to examples, assess the degree to which the level of economic development of a country affects planning and management in urban areas.
The economic development of a country can be defined as the growth of industry, wealth, employment and the level of urbanisation. The planning and management issues that are linked to economic development, are those associated with processes such as urbanisation, suburbanisation and counter-urbanisation of cities. These may include pollution of water, air and noise. Other issues may be the increase in transport and waste, created by people living, travelling through and working in urban areas. These problems need solutions, which often leads to planning and carrying out redevelopment of
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Despite great publicity only 8000 houses were built, which would on average house 40,000 people (in comparison to the 100,000 living in the favelas.) Improvements have been attempted since, for example in 2000, when investment was put into Santo Andre. The aim was to alleviate poverty by providing work for entrepreneurs, community healthcare workers and literacy programmes. So although this is an LEDC/RIC, it still faces overpopulation problems; it does seem that the planning and management changes are aiding the over-population problem and improving the overall quality of life.
In contrast Notting Hill is in the UK, an economically developed country with an average GDP (ppp) per capita of $35,494 in comparison to $11,719 in Brazil (World Bank 2011). Notting Hil is an area of London, an example of re-urbanisation; when people move into the city centre or inner city due to regeneration. Gentrification is what has happened in Notting Hill, as individuals moved into old housing that was formerly in a state of despair and refurbished and improved it. This changed the composition of the whole neighbourhood, because the affluent newcomers displaced the low-income groups that formerly lived there. Often the new comers work in professional or managerial jobs. A positive outcome of this is that more affluent people have been attracted to the area and therefore
The Five Themes of Geography are: Location – Absolute points on a map or grid or Relative to where something may be; Place – The physical and/or human characteristics of a locations; Human/Environment Interactions – How humans have impacted the landscape or environment; Relationship between places Movement – How humans interact on the earth (i.e. how they communicate over distance (short or long)) and Regions – a unit of space that has commonalities defined by physical, human and environmental geography. The Explorers of the New World may have not known what the Five Themes of Geography were but they quickly learned. Of the five themes the ones that they all took advantage of was the physical Location and Place as they learned to navigate
Geography had a tremendous impact on early civilizations, the topography of the different regions played a key role in their development and formation. This statement by Fernand Braudel “ Geography is the stage in which humanity’s endless dramas are played out” (Getz et al., Exchanges, 26) is a very moving and telling description. The terrain, whether it is natural or man made is not the end all, be all. It does however affect the stage a great deal. Mountainous areas act as blockades, which keep the societies independent, plains open up the area, and rivers enable everything to move around freely. 2
Making sure that there are enough jobs in the region to sustain the needs of urban growth in a growing population.
There is lots of strategies that have led the ancient empires to their success and staying strong. .Geography was a huge part of history, this is because many people live upon geography. They rely on geography to live. To add on, the success and failures all come from geography, which is very important. Ancient Egypt had many ups and downs through their empire, geography helped them a lot for planting crops and getting resources. Ancient Greece was affected by the geography near their location a lot. The Aksum empire heavily relied on the geography near their empire, it helped them a lot with the way they traded with other empires. In all of the empires, geography was the breaker or the winner and determined whether the empire would fall or
1. In a compared map of the Holy Land and the state of New Jersey, there are not a lot of differences in the amount of land. Although the Holy Land does not provide important resources, people have been fighting over it throughout history.
S- it shows how when people migrate they bring ideas and culture with them. For example this is why there can be four different languages being spoken in one place.
1. The reasons why some buildings are in the floodplains is because of agricultural industry. Another reason is population growth and expansion into those areas where people felt safe because of improvements of levees. Even though people were told about the dangers most people relied on disaster insurance instead of flood insurance. There should be laws that prohibit further development of these areas because it is costing the taxpayers lots of money for people that want to live in these areas that know the risks. If there were laws in place they could use some of the land as soccer fields and football fields as overflow ponds if they do want to build in a floodplain they need to raise the ground up by hauling in soils that will let the water pass through into those overfill ponds.
Centralized Government made to establish rules and maintain order; as well as handle diplomatic matters.
1A.1.) A nation is a unified group of people with a common culture. An example of a nation without a state is the Kurds.This is because the Kurds do not have a state of their own since the Kurdish land includes parts of Iraq, Syria and Armenia and the Kurdish people are often the majority in cities in this region.
1. As latitude increases, the intensity of the solar energy that strikes an area decreases, and climates become cooler.
In chapter 3, it discussed the different territorial states of Egypt, Southwest Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. During the early developments of these territorial states, climate played a big role in each states. Farmers were largely affected by the climate changes, and long period of droughts occurred throughout the lands. Due to the radical changes of climates, “powerful warming and drying trend”, it was hard for many territorial states to continue to grow enough crops to feed their people or raise animals (textbook pg 93). Thus, causing them to move and try to find a better place to live where there is more water, and this migration caused many developments to occur. An important development that I would say is the most important that led to the growth of the these early territorial states is the development of the
Task #1 : Analyse the impacts of at least two urban dynamics operating in a large city of the developed world.
1) Modern astronomy basically begins with the re-emergence of the heliocentric view of the universe by Copernicus. Who were the four other major contributors to the development of modern astronomy after Copernicus? Explain what those contributions were. Finally, why did it take so long for the geocentric view of the universe to be overthrown and what does that tell us about scientific research and our society, even today?
Chapter 14 was an interesting read for me because I am a millineall, having been born in 1989. I want to focus on the economic problem for millinialls. College is expensive but graduating with 26,000 dollars in debt plus another 7,000 dollars on credit cards is ridiculous. Neither of my parents are college graduates because they didn't have the money at the time and they pushed me really hard to start taking classes again. Financially it can be hard but finally earning a degree and then having a hard time finding a job and owing over 30,000 dollars is really depressing. I have a friend who has a master in accounting and has had a hard time finding work and he owes over 80 thousand dollars in stident loans. There has to be a way for us to
The millennium Development agenda of the economy’s policymakers includes the attainment of a middle income status. One of the significant characteristics of this state of an economy is the planned nature of the physical structures in the economy.