Global Politics and Relational Power Joseph Nye’s book, The Future of Power discusses the vast definitions and cultural differences for the word, power. The definition of power, much like humanity itself, has continued to evolve. In the face of this ever changing landscape of a now global community, those who wish to yield power must adapt to the new realities. Nye argues there are three aspects of relational power, commanding change, controlling agendas and establishing preferences; the last two are more important to power seekers in the informational age (Nye, 11). The first aspect is commanding change; which, is the ability to change the behavior of others against their “initial preferences” (Nye, 11). This …show more content…
Another example of coercive actions includes negative economic sanctions, such as the withholding of funds (Nye, 12). Arguably, the most severe hard power and most coercive action is command action, or the use of the military (Nye, 16). While using these measures may produce a desired outcome, it is often at risk with damaging the network the actor belongs too. The actions may also be extremely costly as is the example of the Iraq war; which not only cost monetarily but in lives of the United States military. The second facet of relational power according to Nye is, controlling agendas. The second aspect is extremely efficient; it is entirely possible to avoid using hard power by changing the opponents mind about what can and should be done. The goal is to affect choice, but to do so in a way that offers validity to the cause and make less powerful actors feel as though the agenda benefits them (Nye, 12). If coercion or positive economic sanctions are applied, then the action becomes an act of commanding change (Nye, 13). Nye points out that the Group of 8 (G-8) became the Group of 20 (G-20) during the financial crisis of 2008; before that the powerful …show more content…
He was overly agreeable and at the same time controlling the conversation with FDR with promises that he had no intention of keeping (Fleming, 487). Stalin controlled the agenda setting by luring FDR into a false sense of security that prevented him from adding strict sanctions if the agreement was broken, which it was. The third and final aspect of relational power is establishing preferences. The objective of establishing preferences is to change an actor’s “wants”. By changing the preferences, the aggressor can control the agenda from the beginning (Nye, 13). As with the second aspect, there is the possibility of using coercion as a means to accomplish this goal, once a hard power is applied the act falls into the first category, commanding change. Assimilation, is a means to achieving the task of changing preferences, for example South Korea will blast speakers playing “K-PoP across the border into North Korea. Another example is humanitarian work; the US military will often preform philanthropy work while in a foreign port. The work allows the service members to make a positive impression on those they come into contact with.
Examples of coercive power would be dismissal, docking of pay, reprimands, and unpleasant work assignments. Sometimes these types of punishments are stated in organizations main beliefs.
Luke’s one-dimensional view of power is centred on this concept and in order to develop understanding as to how power is achieved and maintained within society, an analyses of decision-making in the public arena must be made. It also contests that the group that holds and maintains power can be determined by looking at who succeeds when there is political conflict. (Lukes, 1974:12) It emphasises the importance of the observed behaviour of those in power and analyses the effects on the wider community when making decisions (Lukes 1974:25) Lukes spends a lot of time discussing Dahl’s theory of power through his own theory. The power held by a specific group may be either, ‘overt’ or ‘covert’ but the triumph of power is at the point is during the decision-making process and when these decision have been made, especially, those of the controversial nature of ones centred around the most conflict (Lukes, 1974:13) The one dimensional view of power proposed by Lukes is the most straightforward of the three dimensions. In a way, it is also the easiest to observe, as the power structure through decision-making is more translucent and has a lot of clear definable features.
Cohen juxtaposed Trump administration’s contradicting statements on their knowledge (or lack thereof) of pre-election contact with Russia to clearly articulate the suspicion that sanctions were indeed discussed. By separating the notion that these discussions occurred before Trump’s inauguration and that a fundamental contradiction exists within the administration into separate sentences connected by a transition, Cohen draws the connection between the two pieces of chaos-proving evidence, thus strengthening his
Coercive power is the ability to have influence or to impose one’s will using force, conflict, or violence. This war movie is a clear example of coercive power as force and violence is being used in an effort to resolve conflict(s) between the Axis and Allied forces. The Invasion of Normandy which is commonly referred to as D-Day is the first example of coercive power. From the moment they landed on the shores of Normandy, they were getting shot from every angle and blood quickly covered the water. The next example of coercive power is the Battle of Ramelle. This battle is what most people will remember after watching this movie as it is very action-packed, intense, and the most emotional of all of the battle scenes. The scene where one the U.S. troop members had to fight a German soldier hand to hand in a room because he ran out of ammunition was definitely the most intense scene of all. Also, watching Captain Miller getting shot by the German soldier known as Steamboat Willie that he could have killed earlier, but let go was a heartbreaking
Coercion is demonstrated through physical force used with the intent to harm humans. This is a form of power because a person is willing to harm others in order to get people to do what is asked. Spain allowed Equatorial Guinea to become independent and organized its first election. A very insecure Macias Nguema won the elections. People spoke out about their opposition against his leadership. Macias jailed them and two were noted, “both were murdered: one first had his legs broken and was then starved” (20). Also, after “political reshuffles; ten of the dozen cabinet members in his first government were butchered” (20). Macias would kill people that he felt could take him out of power. Killing people would show that that he should not be messed with and he had the ability to take a person’s life without facing personal consequences. Since he felt like this, Macias killed thousands of people and caused many people to flee the country.
sanctions against Japan just prior to WWII. Other reasons for the imposition of sanctions include making moral and historical statements, and to warn off possible future international order violators. In the late 1970s, under the Carter administration, human rights became a priority goal of US sanctions policy. Many repressive regimes found themselves under pressure to improve their human rights record, like in the case against China in the wake of the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1978, and also the case in Nicaragua, where the United States withdrew economic and military assistance to end its support for the Anastasio Somoza
Trade embargos have tremendous consequences for countries that are being embargoed. The embargos not only affect the country that are being embargoed, but the effect bleed over the borders to the surrounding countries. The list of countries that have been sanctioned by the United Nations included Russia, North Cyprus, and Cuba. United Nations sanctions that target countries affect the economy, the morale, and encourages criminal activities to obtain goods.
I would use the hard/soft coercion of Rome. The hard coercion of Rome was military. Marcus Aurelius would exterminate an entire group of enemy people (Reilly, 159). Now the soft coercion is the Emperor Marcus liked to
United States policymakers employ economic sanctions not only to equalize trade and investment disputes, but also to
This theory compels another government to back down or withdraw through threats instead of using force. The coercer state must have strategies that depend on the costs of non-compliance to an agreement that can be imposed on a target state for coercive theory to be successful. The benefits of compliance by the target state are usually greater than the drastic measures of non-compliance. According to coercive theory, the ability of a coercer state to shift this balance to its favour depends on three vital criteria in it strategy: reciprocity, proportionality, and coercive credibility (Jentleson 9). Getting all these three elements correct should be a substantive matter of strategy to the coercer state. Moreover, there is need for domestic and international politics contexts that are less constraining and more
“Coercive power relies on the fact that people fear you, and reward power is only effective so long as people value the rewards you have to offer. Legitimate power relies on your rank in the company hierarchy, and recent events
In September 2005, the IAEA 's Board of Governors found that Iran had several malfunctions and betrayed their obligations to comply with its NPT Safeguards Agreement (Kemp, Geoffrey, 2005). So the Use of force was justified with sanctions from US and their allies that was approved by the UN Security board. The use of sanctions have caused hardship for Iran as well as other countries.
Coercive power: being able to punish others for not doing what needs to be done
A sanction is a measure (excluding the use of armed force) imposed during times of international concern, responding to the repression of human rights or democratic freedoms by a government against its population. Economic sanctions place restrictions on targeted activities that relate to specific countries, people, corporations, goods and services. Autonomous sanction regimes are used by governments to fulfil certain foreign policy aims. The aims of sanctions are: to punish those responsible (such as restricting access to international financial markets or by implementing bans on international travel); to influence those responsible or those with political weight to amend the behaviour of their State (by inclining them to implement new policies); and to minimise the consequences of the situation (by restricting access to funding, goods or services which may further the aggressor’s actions).
Coercive power is the power to enforce compliance through fear, whether psychological, emotional or physical.