Haemolysis Test Lab Report

The first result of importance was the result of the Gram stain. The observations of the unknown bacteria from the slant culture after Gram staining showed that the unknown bacteria were Gram negative bacilli (Image 1). After determining the unknown bacteria was Gram negative, an oxidase test was conducted on a sample from the slant culture. The cotton swap with the sample of bacteria did not change color when the oxidase reagent was applied, thus providing a negative result. With a negative oxidase test, further tests were conducted to determine various characteristics of the unknown bacteria. A MR-VP broth was inoculated with a sample from a slant culture of unknown bacteria. After incubation, the methyl red reagent was added to the broth, and the broth turned red, providing a positive result (Image 2). An EMB agar streak plate was inoculated with a sample from a slant culture of the unknown bacteria, and after incubation, growth was found on the plate, providing a positive result (Image 3). A Citrate agar slant was inoculated, and after incubation, growth was found on the media, providing a positive result (Image 4). A Urea agar slant was inoculated, and after incubation, the agar had changed from a peach color to a bright pink color, providing a positive result (Image 5). Using the flowchart (Figure 1) developed from the Table of Expected Results, the lab partners started at the oxidase test. Given the negative result of the oxidase test, the flowchart is

This experiment was conducted to find the genus and species of an unknown bacteria prescribed by the lab teacher, which was unknown bacteria GA3 in my case. Identification of unknown bacteria techniques are used on an every day basis to figure out what type of bacteria it is and to find the best method of how to treat a patient with this bacteria (1). All five “I’s” of Microbiology were used in the testing for the unknown culture. Inoculation was used several times to put the unknown culture into agar plates or into biochemical test tubes. After Inoculation of these tubes or plates, they always were placed into the incubator for further growth and development. Isolation was used to make sure we got the correct bacteria we were testing for. After each further isolation, we gram stained the culture and inspected the culture under a microscope to further help in the identification process of the unknown bacteria. Multiple tests were done on the unknown culture to make sure we were confident in what kind of bacteria the unknown was.

The purpose of this lab was to identify unknown bacteria cultures using various differential tests, and my unknown bacteria is #17. The identification of these unknown cultures was accomplished by separating and differentiating possible bacteria based on specific biochemical characteristics. Whether the tests performed identified specific enzymatic reactions or metabolic pathways, each was used in a way to help recognize those specifics and identify the unknown cultures. The differential tests used to identify the unknown cultures were Gram stain, Catalase, Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), Blood Agar, Novobiocin, Coagulase, and DNAse (Alachi, 2007).

The first step to identifying the unknown bacteria residing on the blood agar plate sent in from Khokana was to do a Gram stain on it. This is an important first step because it dictates further testing that will be necessary to arrive at a final conclusive result. Viewing the fixed and stained slide under the microscope revealed round chains of bacteria in a purple color signaling Gram-positive streptococci. A catalase test was performed with no bubbling present indicating a negative result. This further confirmed the shape and arrangement seen under microscopy. With this mind, the coagulase test was not done, as it would be of no use since that specifies for staphylococcus, specifically for Staphylococcus aureus. For streptococcus, an examination of hemolysis was necessary at this point. Shifting attention back to the original blood agar plate, gamma hemolysis was noted, thus narrowing the field down to two choices left. The unknown bacteria was either Streptococcus bovis or Entercoccus faecalis. This also means the Optochin and Bacitracin sensitivity tests would not be needed as those pinpoint alpha- and

The gram stain test was able to identify the bacterium as a gram-positive organism, and the morphology distinguished it as a strain of streptococcus, and these finds helped direct the other tests. Hemolytic tests are very useful in differentiating specific species of a certain family of bacteria. The hemolytic test showed the bacterium to be of alpha clearing, which meant it only partially lysed the red blood cells and left a greenish tint. This identified the bacterium as either strep pneumoniae or faecalis. The bacitracin test, which tests whether the bacterium is susceptible to the antibiotics in the disk, posted a positive

In the world of microbiology it is vitally important to be able to discern the identities of microorganisms. Not only is it important in a lab setting but as well as in healthcare in general. Properly identify what strain of bacteria a person has will aid in the proper medicine and dose given. Throughout the semester we have learned about different types of bacteria and certain test that can clearly identify them. The purpose of this lab report is to identify a Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacterium. Using all the knowledge of procedures and lab techniques identify the unknown and discuss all the tests you performed.

The purpose of the Unknown Lab is to practice and implement all that was learned in this microbiology lab this semester about the different test used in identification of an unknown bacteria and to effectively identify an unknown bacterium.

For this experiment, I utilized unknown number three which I later identified as Staphylococcus epidermis. I concluded that the unknown organism was Staphylococcus epidermis based on numerous tests performed in the laboratory which I will discuss in detail throughout this paper. One of the first tests performed was the Gram Stain. The Gram Stain

A wide variety of processes had been performed to determine what culture had been acquired in class. My group had acquired culture tube unknown #3. We first isolated the bacteria. In this step we took the broth of the unknown #3 and grew it on an agar plate. The first process that had been performed was discontinuous streaking, and continuous streaking to grow the culture for future use in the lab and to have extra to perform a whole variety of test to determine the unknown. The next experiment that had been performed

In class, we were given the task of identifying an unknown bacterium broth culture. After receiving number 69, I went through several tests to figure out what bacterium I received. First, I created a slide from my broth by putting a small amount of the unknown broth on to a clean slide and letting it dry for ten minutes. After this, I stained the slide by applying four reagents in order; crystal violet, grams iodine, decolorizer and safranin. From the stained slide, I discovered that this bacterium was gram-negative, which would determine the next couple of tests I would do to identify my unknown bacterium. I began by streaking for confluent growth from my broth culture onto a TSA plate. From the TSA plate, I aseptically transferred a loop

Figure Caption: The graph above represents the mean time, in seconds, for hemolysis to occur in Bovine blood cells when placed with three different solutions with varying sizes: Ethylene glycol, Diethylene Glycol, and Triethylene Glycol. To start off, Hemolysis is the process in which red blood cells rupture and components like hemoglobin are released in the solution. In this experiment, the time in which hemolysis occurred was measured within three different glycol solutions: Ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol ranging in different sizes. As soon as the blood was added to the glycol solutions the process of hemolysis occurred.

Investigating haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in blood samples using the haemoglobincyanide method and in foetal haemoglobin samples

This lab and its procedures are all about finding out the unknown identification of a given bacteria. The lab consists of specific techniques, tests, chemicals, and vocabulary that are necessary for the finding of the bacterial identity. A bacterium is randomly assigned and it is a group effort to find the bacteria name through many of its specialties and characteristics. An example of classifying it would be to determine whether the bacteria is catalase negative or positive, or if the species is gram negative or positive. This lab is of huge significance because of its medical microbiology connections. Scientists Gurtler and Stanisich explained the connections more eloquently. They stated, in their medical article, that, “Medical microbiology

Staphylococcus aureus is a foodborne pathogen that is considered one of the world’s leading causes of disease outbreaks related with food consumption. Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are a series of intracellular proteins that are primarily produced by S. aureus strains. Approximately 30-50% of S. aureus strains that colonize in the humans can be enterotoxigenic.

HOW CAN HYDROEGEN BOND LEADS TO FIVE PROPRTIES OF WATER? Liquid water is exceptional in having approximately as many hydrogen bonds as it has covalent bonds. Shown right is the number of hydrogen bonds per water molecule as the temperature rises with the line-width showing the approximate disparity between different experimental methods. Although there are reports of water having more than four hydrogen bonds these hydrogen bonds cannot be spatially accommodated around the central water molecule without being sited further from the central oxygen plus with one or more of the original hydrogen bonds being substantially weakened.