High-Performance Concrete
1. Introduction
Products that last longer are called, high- performance products. Properly proportioned and cured mixtures of super-plasticized concrete, with 0.4 or less w/cm, show a little or no permeability. In fact, super-plasticized concrete mixtures made with blended portland cements containing mineral additives exhibit unusually low permeability ratings in the ASTM C 1202, Rapid Chloride Penetration Test.
However, high-performance concrete almost always has a higher strength than normal concrete. However, strength is not always the primary required property. For example, a normal strength concrete with very high durability and very low permeability is considered to have high performance properties. Bickley and Fung (2001) demonstrated that 40 MPa (6,000 psi) is high- performance concrete for bridges could be economically made while meeting durability factors for air-void system and resistance to chloride penetration.
2. Definition
High-performance concrete (HPC) is defined as a concrete meeting special combination of performance and uniformity requirements that cannot always be achieved routinely using conventional constituents and normal mixing, placing, and curing practices. What’s more HPC is a relatively new concrete terms that are used, it is consistent to those of the most common applications in more than one set of standards, but not limited to strength. 3. Characteristics of HPC that need to be considered
• High
First, concrete durable. Concrete is something that will outlive other products up to three times over (“What Makes…”). In addition to durability, concrete is efficient. Concrete can be made with byproducts from power plants, and other aspects of manufacturing. Concrete is primarily made up limestone, the most abundant material on Earth. Above all of this concrete can be recycled. Concrete can be crushed and recycled into another structure or product, reducing the need to mine the limestone for production. Concrete also allows water to pass through which reduces the chance of flash flooding, erosion, and water table depletion as compared to other materials. This is a major check in the sustainability of concrete; the conservation of soil, landscape and ecosystems. Concrete is a very green option when it comes to building
Concrete is a tough and reliable material, and it can be used for a wide range of projects. Eventually though, a structure made from this versatile material will need to be replaced. At the very least, it may require repairs.
1 Brune, PF, AI Ingraffea, MD Jackson, and R Perucchio. 2012. The toughness of Imperial Roman concrete.
Concrete has been used to build roads in America; although this is an expensive alternative to asphalt, it holds more advantages than normal asphalt. Concrete is more durable than normal asphalt and is capable of giving drivers better gas mileage. Concrete roads have also been proven to be more skid-resistant with the addition to grooves to the concrete. It can also help drivers save more gas money since it’s been proven to be fuel efficient. With the advances of modern science, scientists and concrete manufacturers have created some ways of creating concrete in a cheaper way so it can be used more often in creating
Most people think concrete is an impenetrable solid. But in actually, concrete is a porous material with many capillaries and voids throughout the surface. Although concrete is strong in compressive strength, it is weak in tensile stength and elasticity. Concrete can tolerate heavy loads, but it is susceptible to damage which causes it to break apart over time.
In order to discuss concrete; one must first mention cement. Cement is a water-based binder used to bind other building materials together. It is used in the production of mortar and concrete during the construction process. Concrete is a material used in construction, made by mixing aggregate, cement, small stones and water. Cement is important because it hold structures together. Many sources states concrete was invented 1756 by a British Engineer named John Smeaton. He did so by mixing pebbles as a coarse aggregate into a powdered brick into the cement. Years layer in 1824, a English inventor named Mr Joseph Aspdin created the first true artificial cement by burning ground limestone and clay together. He is also noted for creating today’s popular concrete; Portland cement. Many buildings use concrete because of its strong element. It solidifies then hardens after mixing with water and placement due to the chemical process known as hydration. Water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a stone-like material. Concrete is used to make pavements, pipe, various structures, foundations, roads, bridges, brick walls and so on. It is either produced site-cast or pre-cast. Site-cast Concrete is standard concrete that is poured into site-specific forms and cured on site; the concrete is created on the actually construction site. Precast concrete is a construction
PCI Fellows are awarded this recognition for their outstanding contributions to the precast concrete structures Industry and to PCI in the areas of education, research, design, production, quality, erection, marketing, or management.
Concrete used for constructing commercial and industrial buildings needs immediate supervision, therefore, finding the right Houston concrete repair service is essential to repair the damaged area. The problem of repairing is extensive as commercial buildings have to bear more load than the normal buildings.
Fiberglass reinforced concrete (GFRC) is most suitable for construction because it is a great material for restoration of old buildings and also used for the exterior of the buildings. It is also being used widely for walls and ceilings. GFRC allow almost perfect replication of building terra-cotta and ornaments. It’s very low shrinkage allows molds to be made from existing structural ornamentation, then cast in GFRC to replicate the original designs. GFRC is lightweight compared to other traditional concrete which is very important for construction. It is highly durable and safe. Next, expensive equipment is not necessary for pouring or spraying GFRC .Fiberglass is inexpensive and corrosion-proof, but not as ductile as steel. It can only be
One of the first thing a person notices in a new neighborhood is the quality of the concrete. Clean, level, and well-maintained driveways and walkways look reputable, while broken concrete puts people off. So if you're thinking of reclaiming your curb appeal through serious property modifications, new concrete will go a long way. C M C Concrete Construction has been serving North Ridgeville, OH with concrete services for over 20 years, and can add beauty to your home or office by building or repairing your concrete, including the following structures:
Concrete having a 28-day compressive strength of at least 41.4 MPa (6000 psi) is normally considered high strength.
The author states that the influence of silica fume on strength development and chloride penetration resistance of concrete using a variety of test procedures and to examine whether silica fume could reduce the need for steam curing (16).
Abstract— Concrete is a composite construction material composed of aggregate, cement and water. There are
In general, the durability of concrete covers directly on the ease or difficulty of fluid transport within the concrete, and classified as a concrete or too little permeable. The main transport agent fluid is water in the concrete, which may be pure or contain aggressive agents, such as dioxide carbon and oxygen. The displacement of these elements will depend on the concrete structure hydrated cement paste (Neville, 1997). THE Concrete durability of recycled aggregates also it depends on the ease or otherwise of transport these fluids. Olorunsogo and Padayachee (2002) studied properties related to the durability of concrete as the conductivity of chloride ions, sortividade permeability to oxygen and water, containing percentages of 0%, 50% and 100% replacement of natural aggregates by recycled. The results showed that the durability decreases increases in proportion as the percentage of replacement for all properties evaluated. However, these properties improve with increasing age and with percentages of 50% recycled aggregates in the
Pretension concrete, also known as prestressed concrete, is one of the methods to give more strength to the natural weakness of concrete through tension. The way this works is by allowing the tendons to cure in the concrete. After it has cured the tendons are released and the tension is applied. “The analysis for continuous prestressed composite beam covers: load deflection behavior, strain and stress in concrete slab and steel beam, force in shear connector, slipping between concrete and steel, and failure modes.”(Ozell) This is why they now connect the I beams with bolts to the vertical beams underneath the bridge girders, which are normally pretensioned concrete, to ensure the risk of them sidling apart and the bridge girders falling in. There are many uses for this type of concrete, some of these include floors, bridges, and beams. When looking for this type of concrete in the CSI divisions it is located under the precast section number 03-41-33. The specifications go into detail about the standards and references needed for this type of concrete. For example, there are two grades, 250 and 270, of low relaxation, seven-wire steel strands that are required in this type of concrete work. Some of the reference documents that go along with this are the ASTM Standards, U.S. Military Standards, and U.S. Federal Standards.