How A Submarine Works

This report was commissioned to review the Collins Class Submarine Project “Deep trouble”. The primary objective of this report is to analyses the dimensions of risk that need continuous management due to inter-relationships of all elements within Project Management and the importance of stakeholders. The topic was researched through extensive sources, including government bodies, course materials and other sources to provide the relevant information.

This separation presented communication and data-sharing challenges. Furthermore, the new design contained a number of technical risks, one of them was designing a submarine that would operate in a manner and environment very different from what Kockums was accustomed to. The risk resulted fuel system has been proven to be problematic. Swedish submarines have short patrols in calm, relatively fresh water. When a similar design was used in the salty, open water in which Australian submarines operate, water was sucked into the engine causing failure. Moreover, the RAN submarines transit greater distance and are on station for months at time, which has number of implications for fuel storage, hotel service, and other hull design features. The difference in operation concept and environment ultimately led to some equipment and system decision during design that caused problems with operations and supportability.

The Germans had sent out U-boats because they simply could no longer afford a purely defensive naval strategy. The Germans were the first to use torpedoes in battle to make their U-boats even more deadly. A torpedo is self-propelled underwater missile launched from a tube located on the deck or inside the hull of a warship. Torpedo tubes were first built into submarines in 1885 by the Swedish armaments manufacturer, Thortsen Nordenfelt. Torpedoes in 1914 carried a contact-triggered explosive warhead and had a range of 10,000 meters and could travel at 41 knots.1 However, their ideal range was about a kilometer because they tended to be inaccurate over longer distances.

They soon discovered the submarines bow planes were buried; the bow tanks full of sand. The propellers were torn off, steering gear ruined, stern tanks flooded, and all the hatches were desperately jammed.

Not only did we have ships, but we had a device called the Turtle. Invented nearly 150 years before, it was not until the Revolutionary War that the submarine would be used in combat. A man named David Bushnell would develop the Turtle to deploy underwater mines. The Turtle would fail all of its missions and would be lost at the Battle of Fort Lee when the ship transporting it would be sunk. “Despite the failures of the Turtle, General George Washington gave Bushnell a commission as an Army engineer…After the war, he became commander of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.”(History 1).

​The German U-Boats were like a submarine that was a lot more advanced than those that were built by other nations; and they were the first submarines made by the Germans. The U-boat was 214 feet long, it could carry 35 men, and 12 torpedoes at a time. And it could travel underwater for 2 hours at a time. With these Germany had a lot of success against the British warships. (https://www.britannica.com/technology/U-boat)

A submarine is defined as “something that functions or operates underwater; specifically: a naval vessel designed to operate underwater.” This definition holds true today but started at the beginning of the Civil War when submarines originally became a popular choice of weaponry. In general, submarine crews were composed of a commander, who steered the boat, and six or more men who used hand cranks to move the boat. Many inventors intended on creating electric motors to move the boat, but they were unable to produce enough torque. Submarines were primarily used in combat because they could travel invisibly. Innovations like submarines did not just change the way people fought wars–they also changed the way people lived.

Before World War II, the submarine was very predictable and easily managed with detection systems, depth detection, and antisubmarine forces. The aircrafts were harder to manage, and could easily penetrate enemy territory. It was not so predictable.[xii]

In the fall of 1971, as President Nixon was attempting to convince The Soviet Union to include submarines and ballistic missiles in the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), the US Navy was planning on introducing a new class of submarines called the Trident. The Trident submarines were to succeed the Polaris submarines, which was developed in the 1950s. The Trident submarines were not only physically larger than the Polaris submarines, they also possessed revolutionary propulsion components and weaponry. If the US could successfully launch the Trident program, Nixon felt it would generate progress in SALT by demonstrating the United States’ commitment to strategic submarines and missiles. However, if the Trident program was unable to

The first successfully sinking of a target by submarine was during the Civil War. The forty foot long Hunley submarine, which was operated by eight men hand cranking a propeller shaft, was able to successfully sink the USS Housatonic on February 16, 1864. Although soon after the attack, the Hunley also sank (3). During the Civil War “significant naval warfare occurred on the great inland rivers, especially the Mississippi, but also notably the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Red Rivers” (4). To improve vulnerable wooden ships and save them from destruction, architects dramatically improved the defenses of ships by plating their sides with iron or steel. These new and improved ships soon became known as ironclads, which were able to withstand heavy artillery rounds and vastly change the Civil War (5). Naval warfare became more advanced as the years went on and the world entered its First World War. Submarines made a significant impact for the first time in World War I. For the time the most daunting naval weapon was the U-boat that was introduced by the Germans. This submarine was far more sophisticated than the submarine used in the Civil War. These U-boats usually carried thirty-five men and twelve torpedoes, and could travel underwater for two hours (6). Along with the

The Collins Class submarine was prone to excessive noise signatures whilst travelling at speed and lacked the operational capability to enter conflict situations due to the

The United States Navy Diving Manual contains a wealth of information about diving from the history of diving to underwater physics and physiology. Start by browsing the U.S. Navy Diving Manual (located within the weekly readings) and then post a response to the following questions:

Submarines were effective and best known for sneaking on the enemy. They were lightly armored and served as easy prey if discovered. It also had small crew numbers which made it hard to take prisoners from captured steamships. Despite these reasons, the Germans were non reluctant to break the international rules of warfare. The Germans attacked and sank the British passenger ship carrying American civilians on board. The American people were in disbelief and accused Germany of violating international rules. However Germany disagreed to the accusations.

Years before the submarine was created, Jules Verne created s sub type vehicle in "20,000 League Under the Sea,"

Boats come in many different shapes and sizes. Though they can be fun toys, there is a lot that to consider when diving into the physics behind it. There many factors that need to be taken into consideration when building a boat, a few of the important ones are weight, rudders, the position of a rudder and the position in which a motor is placed. Each of these factors are what either make or break a boat.