Hydrogen Cracking
What is hydrogen cracking? It is probably the most talked about failure mechanism associated with the welding industry. It is also known as hydrogen induced cracking, (HIC); hydrogen assisted cracking, (HAC); cold cracking,(CC); delayed cracking, (DC); under-bead cracking, (UBC); and hydrogen embrittlement, (HE).
HISTORY
Hydrogen cracking of welds first became a major concern during the first part of the 20th century. Up until that time welding was experimented with, but not used in normal production. A few transmission pipelines were built using gas welding and arc welding was being used in shipbuilding on a limited basis.
World War I and World War II pushed the envelope as far as manufacturing technology and made welding a common manufacturing method. During a war it is very important to be able to manufacture very quickly and efficiently. Welding helped a great deal to win the wars.
But as welding was taking place in large volumes in many different manufacturing and fabricating industries, welding defects were also happening. Lack of penetration, lack of fusion, porosity, slag inclusions and cracking were some of the more common defects. Cracking was especially problematic because the cracks were sometimes visible on the surface of the weld and sometimes they were either under the weld beads or delayed for several hours after the weld was complete. The under bead and delayed cracking was especially dangerous because these cracks could
It was hard to weld back in those times, but throughout time and progression welding became more of a phenom for the building of metal surfaces and structures. The American Welding Society (AWS) was founded in 1919, it was formed to advance the technology and science of welding. It put more detail and analysis on how to form the welds, how to control the weld puddle, The distance of the arc length from the electrode and the work piece. Welding is a special trade, it takes a person to have good near and far sight, steady arm and hand motion, and concentration. Welding has become great for a lot of amazing things like building automobiles, building structures, bridges. Their have been a lot of things that welding can be attributed to and is amazing for
Welding is a process used to join metal parts by producing a coalescence, called a weld, at a joint. Advances in welding technology have opened the way for innovative designs in structures and machinery. Of modern welding processes, the greatest number fall under the general classifications of arc welding, gas welding and cutting, resistance welding, and brazing.
Since its development in the middle of the 20th century, MIG welding has become commonplace in many manufacturing operations. For example, it is commonly used in the automobile industry because of its ability to produce clean welds, and the fact that it welds metals quickly.
The history of pipeline welding is kind of cool in 1900 E. Fouch and F. Picard developed the first oxyacetylene torch in France. In 1901 Menne invented the oxygen lance in Germany. In 1903 Hans Goldschmidt from Essen, Germany invented Thermit welding, an exothermic reaction between aluminum powder and metal oxide, they used this technique to weld railroad
Although there are many career choices out there in the world I would love to be in the career in welding for multiple reasons. I chose this career because i love the fact that there's multiple different types of welding positions, and it's a great trade to meet new people and work hard in.i decided on this career because i have had experienced with some welding and i enjoyed it. i even researched some different techniques you can use to weld different types of metal. There are specific personality types or skills required for this career. some are interpersonal skills such as being self motivated. Also having a skill of problem solving will help to. “Math and science skills are used daily for welders because they have
Usually bond two dissimilar metals are joined using this process of welding, especially to weld one metal over a base metal extending to large areas. Production of corrosion free sheets and plate stock for making processing equipment for different operations in the chemical industries and petroleum industries are the major applications. Explosion welding general requires no filling metals, and external agencies for production of heat are also not required. Diffusion does not occur during the processes. The metal parts are metallurgically bonded, in many cases it results in a mechanical interlocking that is occurred as locking formed by a rippled or wavy interfaces between the surface of metals. The process of welding one metal plate on another can be described with help of Figure
Welding is the process of joining pieces of metal or other parts by heating the surfaces to the point of melting using a blow torch, electric arc, or other means. This careers demand has skyrocketed in recent years. According to Tri-County Technical College, welding is ranked as one of the top ten fastest growing career fields in South Carolina by the US Department of Labor (“Welding Associate's Degree”). Welding is a very meticulous career, to be a welder you have to be focused, careful and you have to have an extensive knowledge of the field to be successful. Welding requires a variety of skill sets. If a person has a variety of skills and experience doors will open up for positions such as: shipbuilding, automotive repair, and construction.
Gas metal arc welding was originally made for weld materials such as aluminum, copper, brass, tin and lead. It was also used on steels, but shielding gases were highly expensive in the early 1900s limiting GMAW’s use on steel. It wasn’t till the mid 1900’s for GMAW to really take off. There were many different variations of arc-length, electrode size, and power supply units. Since the MIG welder is so versatile, there are many different types of things to make this piece of equipment.
What you need to weld on the pipeline, first you need to start with the right training, next you need to get the right certifications, but remember there are a lot of dangers with welding in general especially welding pipe. Welding is a high paying job no matter what you are welding. it is also a hard working job there is a lot you have to do before you can lay that bead.
The skills needed for welding are a steady hand for clean weldings, a stable head for welding in difficult or stressful positions, you need to be able to do at least basic math, also endurance, and problem solving.
Welding is a very good trade to know and can be very helpful in a wide variety of jobs. Although it is not required in all workplaces or jobs, it could make one more of an asset to their employer. Many jobs have machines, tools, and other necessary pieces of equipment that may break or need something welded to them. Knowing to weld is a great tool and will put one far ahead of most people. Many people know how to weld, but very few are good enough to be considered professional. A person should always aspire to be the best in each field of work that they are involved in.
I plan to learn more about this topic and the other types of welding so I can be ready for my career as a welder. It is important to know about all the different types of welding but knowing about this Shielded Metal Arc Welding will help me in the future become better at my welds. Having this knowledge will make my skills more marketable so that I can go anywhere I want to with this highly valued skill.
A gruesome and horrifying war, World War I led to great advancements in technology. Both sides of the war began trying to outdo one another in terms of crafting the best killing machines. With each side developing new weapons to gain the upper hand in the war, war technology became extremely important. New technology assisted soldiers in fighting the enemy in numerous different ways. Important advancements in war technology that helped define the Great War were tanks, machine guns, and flamethrowers.
If you want to be a welder, and actually have a career, you can go to a welding school and learn how to weld, or you can try to be a welders helper and just learn the trade. Welding can be a tough job if you don’t know what you are doing or you do not enjoy doing it. Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials together (Modern Welding). This is the process that uses fuel gases and oxygen to make a molten pool of metal to fuse together two pieces of metal, called puddeling (oxy-fuel welding and cutting. Wikipedia). If you decide to weld as your profession, most welding school students have little trouble finding jobs and finding people certified to weld correctly (Welding.Wikipedia).
GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) is more economic; Springer reports that “ GMAW is an economic process because it has higher speeds and higher deposition rates than manual arc welding. There is also no need to constantly change electrodes” ( Page 11). GMAW has a higher speed, which means that you can get the job done faster. It also has high deposition rates which makes the weld look clean and smooth.” This method can be used for a high range of work, but it is not suited for repair work because of it’s weld quality” (Page 4). This process can be used for many variations of work including root welds, joints, T’s, butts, laps, and many more applications. Even though its used for many practices, it is not recommended to use this method for