In Terms Of Percentage Life Time Risk, For Suicide In Affective

Suicide is a controversial topic that is effecting more and more people everyday. People all around the world have to undergo stress and anxiety as a result of a difficult situation. It was found that people who take care for their chronically ill family members, go through extreme stressful and anxious behaviour. Along with this stressful and anxious behaviour, people succumb to the unfortunate result of mental health problems. Mental problems was not only found with people who have ill family members, but also with people who have instability in their lifestyle. Over the years, suicide rates have increased by sixteen percent. Commissions are trying to find indicators of suicide and about how people are dealing with this mentally. The commissions

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has published a fact sheet of statistics on suicide in the United States. In 2007, it is reported that suicide was the tenth leading cause of death. Furthermore, for every suicide committed, eleven were attempted. A total of 34,598 deaths occurred from suicide with an overall rate of 11.3 suicide deaths per 100,000 people. (NIMH, 2010). Risk factors were also noted on this report and listed “depression and other mental disorders, or a substance abuse disorder (often in combination with other mental disorders). More than ninety percent of people who die by suicide have these risk factors (NIMH, 2010).”

In 2014, suicide was the tenth leading cause of death overall in the United States. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2015), there were twice as many suicides than there were homicides. Suicidal ideation (SI), defined as an individual thinking about, considering, or planning their suicide, is established before the act of committing suicide. Research suggests that adverse childhood experiences (CDC, 2015) will put an individual at risk for developing a mental illness that could result in SI and suicide attempt (SA). It is important for the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) to recognize the signs of SI and SA while assessing their client.

3)Christina L. Boisseaua, Shirley Yen,John C. Markowitz,Carlos M.Grilo et al did a longitudinal study to identify characteristics that differentiate multiple suicide attempters from single attempters in people who suffered from personality disorders and depression.431 people participated from july 1996 to june 2008.Suicide attempts were assessed with a follow up evaluation at 6 and 12 months and then yearly through 10 years.21% of participants attempted

Suicide risk assessment is complex and challenging we need to look at the following: 1) suicide thoughts or behaviors may be an attempt to escape distress rather than a direct desire to seek out death, 2) the distinction between wanting to escape vs. wanting to die may create opportunities for intervention and 3) each person may have their own specific reasons for escape or distress that may fluctuate over time (Granello, 2010).

One of the first causes of the suicide at the young people is depression. “According to a survey done using the psychological autopsy method, 70–90% of those who committed suicide had evidence of some mental disorder when alive, and 60–70% were depressed.” (TAKAHASHI, 2001) We consider that approximately 10 % of young adult know a period of depression, and that two thirds of them are females. “Women are twice as likely as men to have depression.” (D. Smith,

Generally, people who are diagnosed with specific psychological disorders are at higher risk of suicide and statistics show that nine out of ten people who commit suicide were suffering with a mental disorder. Psychological risk factors can be associated with an individual’s psychiatric disorders, with their environmental factors, or both. (Larson, Lutes, Orgera, & Suplick Benton). The main suicide risk factors are hostile life events and a lack of mental health care treatment. The American Association of Suicidology states that if depression is left untreated it can lead to comorbid (occurring at the same time) mental disorders, recurrent episodes and higher rates of

There are many models of risk assessment available to clinicians. The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (NSPL, 2006) recommends assessment based on the individual’s desire to harm themselves or others. Additionally, the capability to attempt should involve the clients: past history of suicide attempts; violent behaviors; having the means; current substance abuse; loss of reality; extreme agitation, aggression or rage. Suicidal intent is reflected by: an attempt in progress; a known plan to carry out the suicide; preparatory behaviors.

The World Health Organization (WHO) discusses how individuals most vulnerable to commit suicide are those with difficult life events, a combination of stresses, and those with higher-than-average attempts. This includes young males aged 15-49, elderly people, indigenous people, people with mental disability, persons with alcohol/substance abuse and persons in custody (2007). Fazel, Grann, Kling, and Hawton (2011) state, “the strongest risk factors were environmental (being in a single cell), psychiatric (a history of attempted suicide, recent suicidal ideation, and a current psychiatric diagnosis), and criminal history (being on remand, having received a life sentence, and having a violent index offence)” (p. 192). Desmond (1991) found that unlike male offenders, female offenders often tend to form relationships with their

The suicide lethality assessment has some strengths in that it identifies important suicide risk factors. The risk factors includes age, sex, stress, suicidal plan, feelings, behavioral changes, network, future outlook, perceived reactions

The title “Apples to Oranges?: A direct comparison between suicide attempters and suicide completers” immediately grabs readers’ attentions. Though, the title somewhat represents the article. Since the research is conducted within the Major Depressive Disorder population, the more suitable title of the article should read “Apples to Oranges?: A direct comparison between suicide attempters and suicide completers in Major Depressive Disorder population.” The authors write the research article in simple and concise manners. However, it would have been helpful to the readers if the research report contains the definition of terms section in an abstract. The authors write with the assumption that the readers are already healthcare

The last category, “Prison factors” (Suto & Arnaut, 2010, 301), indicates issues like, “Moves within the prison” (Suto & Arnaut, 2010, 301) which “led to feelings of depression and reported that it was a contributing factor to their suicidality” (Suto & Arnaut, 2010, 301), especially placement in DSU (isolation) which inmates “had a particularly hard time adjusting to the new conditions” (Suto & Arnaut, 2010, 302). “Employment/activity-related difficulties” (Suto & Arnaut, 2010, 301), such as having a stressful job or in contrast, unemployment, contributed to some inmates suicide desire (Suto & Arnaut, 2010, 302).

Psychological assessment provides counsellors with an objective point of view, meaning that therapist bias will be minimized. According to Briere and Scott (2015), structured interviews are designed to help counsellors avoid overlooking symptoms or inadequately assessing a client, whereas the use of unstructured interviews may cause the counsellor to miss crucial information as there are no guidelines to follow. A structured interview will be used to ensure that no aspects of Ms. Wuornos' case are overlooked.

This essay will argue that the effectiveness of Durkheim’s method compared with recent studies is not effective to study suicide, as there are some limitations for applying Durkheim’s concept to investigate suicide behaviors. For example, Durkheim’s method is lack of supporting evidences from individual studies such as high rate suicides of the homeless or attempted suicides from women. Therefore, comparing to recent studies, it should be reformed by combing individual studies and group studies to get the full scope

To begin with, as mentioned earlier, Michael R. Phillips in his early works mentions the eight-fold theory of the suicide prediction, which mainly focuses on the psychological issues, such as depression symptoms, acute and chronic stress, or low quality of life (2002). These factors are also the frequently stated psychiatric and psychological explanations around the world. Nevertheless, Phillips does highlight the importance of stress factors in his research and agrees that mental illness