Influenza Infective Analysis

When we hear the word virus, we usually think of something that makes us sick. A virus is an ultramicroscopic infectious organism that, having no independent metabolic activity, can replicate only within a cell of another host organism. A virus consists of a core of nucleic acid, either RNA or DNA, surrounded by a coating of antigenic protein and sometimes a lipid layer surrounds it as well. The viral genome provides the genetic code for replication, and the host cell provides the necessary energy and raw materials. To fight viruses, we use vaccines. While some may infect a broad range, other viruses can only infect certain kinds of cells. Vaccines are made of inactive, dead or weakened virus cells or protein antigens that can no longer infect

When people see or hear advertisements, whether it be in a magazine or on television, many do not stop to consider or analyze the techniques that go into making the advertisement effective. For instance, the Center for Disease Control has a campaign that has the purpose of promoting the influenza vaccination. If you examine the campaign closely, it becomes clear that the advertising campaign targets a diverse audience of all ages, genders, and races who could all benefit from getting an influenza vaccination. In this advertisement campaign, the Center for Disease Control effectively promotes the benefits of getting an influenza vaccination to a targeted audience using numerous persuasive techniques such as association and universal appeal.

Have you ever been in pain to where you feel like your whole body is aching along with a headache? Then, oddly your body temperature changes. One minute your hot then the next you're cold. Some people even have scratchy throats and a mild cough. Well all of these are signs that you might be coming down with the flu. This harsh and dreadful symptoms can be prevented by simply getting an influenza vaccination. To promote people getting the vaccine the government makes several ads a year to raise awareness to encourage people to make the responsible decision by getting the vaccination.

Describe two innate (nonspecific) immune responses that might prevent an influenza virus from causing any noticeable infection, even if the virus enters your respiratory passages.

Viral cell culturing has become a commonly used method for the cultivation of viruses. Before cell cultures, many viruses were propagated by the use of an embryonated egg. However, today embryonated eggs are still used for the production of vaccines and for the isolation of avian and influenza viruses. In addition, there are several procedures that must be carried out when a virus is grown in an embryonated egg. For instance, the eggs must be candled (to determine viability) and disinfected before a hole is drilled. Next, the virus must be injected into the appropriate area of a 5-14 day old embryonated egg. Signs of successful viral growth include pocks, hemagglutination, or death of the embryo 2-5 days after injection. In this lab, the purpose was to inject Influenza A Virus (H1N1) strain APR/8/34 into the chorioallantoic sac of a 9-11 day old embryonated egg. Our hypothesis was that the Influenza A virus will grow successfully in the embryonated egg to yield successful results for the following lab.

The influenza pandemic of 1918-19 still reigns as one of the most catastrophic pandemics of all time. World War One occurred shortly before the influenza pandemic, which left us with 16 million less people. Months later, this epidemic spread like wild fire which estimated a loss of 50 million people. Within the United States, 25% of people were victims of this epidemic and the average life expectancy drastically dropped by twelve years.

Each winter season brings the horrid infectious disease, influenza also commonly known as “the flu.” Just in the past week, over 250 cases of positive specimens were gathered with it being the highest week in the year of 2017. Influenza has already been in full force this winter, with many people around Australia falling ill. Everyone in their lifetime suffers from the nasty flu as sometime in their life, but for some, it’s a critical and complicated disease. In the selected years of 2006, 2010 and 2015, influenza was one of the leading causes of death. Influenza and pneumonia are at rank 12, with 2015 having at least 3,402 deaths, more than breast cancer. “There has been a total of 12, 360 laboratories confirmed notifications of influenza

The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 is still being discussed. In the public health sector it is used as an example of the viruses potential power, if we do not continue to prepare, educate the public and vaccinate on a global scale. Let’s think back to that time were science and technology was not as advanced. Quarantine and isolation measures meant little to no travel, remaining home and less time spent in the public, “diagnosing influenza became even more difficult because an especially virulent form of the disease had erupted” (Untied States Department of Health and Human Services, 2015).

As an Allergy-Immunology Technician, it is imperative to familiarize yourself with immunization updates and current events to provide patients with the best possible care. One of the vaccines that cause the most discussion is the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine. This vaccine provides protection against the seasonal influenza virus that traditionally hits the United States in the winter months. The following will discuss some background information on the influenza virus, which will lead into the interim 2016-2017 influenza vaccine effectiveness report, and then the data will be compared to previous seasons. Hopefully, this will allow vaccine administrators the ability to effectively inform their patients on the data the can be found concerning

Influenza virus has caused serious respiratory illness and death over the past centuries. Epidemics and pandemics due to Influenza virus were known to cause morbidity and mortality in humans and other animals. Pandemics have been documented since the 16th century (WHO, 2005) and in the last 400 years, at least 31 pandemics have been recorded (Lazzari and Stohr, 2004). Influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, which is characterized by a segmented, minus-stranded RNA genome. Influenza viruses are irregular, spherical (80-120 nm diameter) or filamentous structures and their surfaces are studded with rod-shaped hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) spikes (Betts, 1995). Influenza viruses are of three types A, B, and C. The typing

A general practitioner could not be qualified as an expert because this person does not have any specialized knowledge of the Influenza virus. The professor, who wrote a paper on the long term effects of the virus can be considered an expert because the vaccination is claimed to have made the flu duration "longer and worse". Also, if the flu is long term, it has a longer period to be transmitted to other people, contributing to the spread of the flu. The epidemiologist investigates patterns of disease, so this person is obviously an expert. The public health Ph.D recipient studies the spread of influenza making him an expert as well.

What is the flu? The flu is short for influenza, which is a common viral infection in the respiratory passages where in some occasions can be deadly, especially in people at high risk. There are more than three million United States cases reported per year. Unfortunately, it spreads easily but on the bright side, it can be preventable by vaccine. It is a short term infection that lasts around a few days to possibly a few weeks. It can usually be self-diagnosable and self-treatable as well.

Children and people with weakened immune systems may be contagious for a slightly longer time.

Influenza A (H1N1) is a virus with multiple strains that causes human influenza. The H1N1 are endemic in humans and causes influenza-like illness during the flu season. In 2009, when the influenza virus emerged, it highlighted the importance of having infrastructures to conduct research. This would allow public health officials to manage patients for emerging viruses. Much of the surveillance systems for influenza are laboratory-based or anti-viral resistance monitoring. The lab base focuses on variant virus strains for vaccination. Anti-viral resistance includes clinical data on hospital or outpatients with no follow up. Much of the data from the previous cohort studies on the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of influenza-infected

Two types of influenza vaccine are available, including inacBIVated (killed) preparation via intramuscular injection, as well as a live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine delivered nasally. Mostly available marketed Inactivated vaccines are further categorized as whole virus, split virus or subunit types, which is composed of two influenza A strains and one B strain .