Investigation On Turning Parameters On Machining Time And Vibration Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer

From the ‘Results’ section above, as the roughness of a surface increases, the coefficients of friction for the block of wood increases. This can be concluded as the surfaces used in order of lowest roughness to highest roughness were the white surface, wooden surface and lastly the sandpaper surface had coefficients of friction increasing in the same order. For instance, to compare the static coefficients of the first trial of each surface in order of roughness, 0.20< 0.32. Therefore, corresponding with the coefficients of static friction, the coefficients of kinetic friction also increases as the roughness of the surface increases. In conclusion, from the data collected, the observation was that as the roughness of a surface increases, the coefficient of static friction and the coefficient of kinetic friction for a block of wood will increase.

This report details the process for the design of a composite laminate tube, the software package 'MathCAD' was used to determine a lamina design with a configuration that avoids mechanical failure under loading conditions. It was also used to obtain twist angles and maximum stresses for specific lamina wind up angles. The report will provide analysis of the methods used to obtain these criteria.

However, the absence of plastic deformation does not mean that composites are brittle materials like monolithic ceramics. The heterogeneous nature of composites result in complex failure mechanisms which impart toughness. Fiber-reinforced materials have been found to produce durable, reliable structural components in countless applications. The unique characteristic of composite materials, especially anisotropy, require the use of special design

Carbon-fiber-reinforced-epoxy is recently used in the frame. It is suitable for this application since it is very lightweight, high tensile strength, ductile, high heat resistance, and high stiffness.

With the ideal of running high speeds, most cutting tool makers say the cutting capability of most inserts is not fully used yet. The push for cutter upgrades is in opposite directions. Tool makers with consistent jobs want cutters created for specific materials and speed ranges, but those with more general work want one tool to do more with less changing of tools and inserts. A lot can be done to improve cutting tools, including insert geometry, different materials, and different holders. As the range of spindle speeds and feeds gets wider, the need to upgrade tool holders has gotten greater to reduce vibration and movement of the tool. One huge benefit of having better inserts and stiffer turning machines is a process called hard turning. Here recently it has been replacing some grinding practices as well as opening up new applications and opportunities. Instead of rough cutting and then hardening, and finishing by grinding, hard turning is done on a lathe after the hardening operations have already taken place. Machine cutting tool makers will soon be faced with a new group of problems as composites, more particularly carbon-fiber-reinforced materials become more

Fiber-reinforced composite consisting of multiple layers of material is called laminate. Each layer is thin and may have a different fiber orientation. Two laminates may have the same number of layers and the same fiber angles but the two laminates may be different because of the arrangement of the layers. Figure 18 shows a global Cartesian coordinate system and a general laminate consisting of N layers. The laminate thickness is denoted by h and the thickness of a kth layer is hk thickness coordinate, designated z, is located at the laminate geometric mid-plane. The geometric mid- plane may be within a particular layer or at an interface between layers.

(Mrazova, 2013) In the aviation industry today, composites have replaced previously used materials such as titanium and aluminum in the manufacturing of wings, skins, primary load-bearing structures, and fuselages.

The purpose of this lab is was to expose students to the manufacturing, fabrication, and testing of composites. In addition, it provides students with experience analyzing tensile and bending failures of composites. Three tensile specimens and two bend test specimens were tested during this lab. The tensile specimens were a wet lay-up of bi-directional E-glass, and the bend specimens were made up of a nomex honeycomb core with pre-preg uni-carbon faces. The three tensile specimens were tested, their elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength calculated, and these value were compared to published approximately equivalent material properties. The two bend test specimens were tested, their face bending stresses were calculated, the shear stress in the core was calculated, and the bending and shear stresses were compared to published approximately equivalent material properties. A failure mode analysis was conducted for both the tensile and bend test specimens. This report summarizes the theory, procedure, and machines associated with the lab. Furthermore, it graphically and verbally displays the results draw from lab, and provides conclusions to improve the lab in the future.

The purpose of this study is to explore how some of the different composite materials are produced and how they are used as aircraft parts. The study seeks to answer the research question, why is the use of composite materials so attractive to aircraft designers and are the benefits of using composites worth trying to integrate them into existing aircraft designs? The goal is to analyze the many different uses of composites as aircraft parts and determine whether or not their use is beneficial.

However, modeling of ceramic matrix composites could be much more complex due to the unique feature of this type of material: 1) the fracture and brittle behavior of materials; and b) the nonuniform distribution of porosity in the ceramic matrix. CMCs are comprised of individual layers with unique material properties dependent on fiber orientation within the polymer matrix which is typically in a woven pattern. Therefore, CMCs often exhibit anisotropic or orthotropic properties, and have lower strains and higher degrees of fragmentations than metallic materials during machining. The unique features of CMCs make simulations more challenging due to the complex nature of the problem considering material nonlinear fracture, anisotropic or orthotropic property and multi-phase interaction apart from dynamic loading and plastic deformation in machining of metals.

Abstract: Ever increasing pressure on industry to reduce costs and ecological need of the hour forms the basis of the present research endeavor. Coconut coir is abundantly available in India as a bio-waste. Naturally available coconut fibers in their original form have been used as fillers in glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Thrust force being an important parameter in drilling induced damage has been analyzed during drilling of the fabricated composites at four different spindle speeds and three feed rates. Thrust force generally reduced with increase in spindle speed but increased rapidly with feed. Stepped increase in thrust force was observed while analyzing thrust force signals due to geometry of Jodrill.

Recent years, high modulus and high strength was the main concern of the development of advance performance of the composite materials. High strength is not only the objective but also the performance of the material along with ability

Technologies involved in machining operations have advanced greatly in the recent decades and machines have experienced significant changes such as the incorporation of numerical control. Every year it is possible to observe in fairs, conferences and of course in the market economy, how production capabilities have increased thanks to the development of new concepts, devices, materials, tools, coatings, structures, etc. Accuracy, flexibility and productivity are enhanced constantly with innovative solutions to achieve market demands or even raise them to higher levels. In the end, all these improvements are possible thanks to the generation of knowledge.

Utilization of fiber reinforced composites for engineering applications is gaining importance to derive many advantages such as manufacturing process flexibility, high strength to weight ratio. The machining of composites is always not preferred because of the structural disturbances generally occur due to damages caused by machining forces to the fiber matrix interfaces, which in turn leads to the reduction in the mechanical properties of composite as a whole. However machining is necessary in special situations where the dimensional tolerances are to be maintained very close in the case of the composites mating with the other components.

Machining is an accomplished process in which many variables can detriment the coveted result. In this commission, the measurements of the cutting tool vibrations are taken by the procedure of Digital Vibration Meter procedure, which can measure acceleration, displacement, frequency and velocity. In a machining process, parameters such as, depth of cut; tool feed rate and cutting speed, are largely influential.