Investigation in to the factors that affects the rate of fermentation of Glucose

For enzymes to be useful in a reaction, the substrate needs to bind with the enzymes active site. The active site is specific for a

Fermentation is a metabolic pathway that produce ATP molecules under anaerobic conditions (only undergoes glycolysis), NAD+ is used directly in glycolysis to form ATP molecules, which is not as efficient as cellular respiration because only 2ATP molecules are formed during the glycolysis. One type of fermentation is alcohol fermentation, it produces pyruvate molecules made by glycolysis and the yeast will break it down to give off carbon dioxide, the reactant is glucose and the byproducts are ethanol and carbon dioxide. In this lab, the purpose is to measure whether the changes of

After 30 seconds the same enzyme volume was added to the second flask. This was continued to the third, fourth and fifth flasks with interval of 30 seconds until the final addition occurred at 2.5 minutes.

Note that the enzyme remains unchanged so that more of the some substrates can react.

3) Adding less enzyme caused the reaction to proceed more slowly than when more enzyme was utilized.

• Dilute some of the enzyme stock with buffer A to make a 4 mg/ml solution.

13.State three factors that can affect the observance of a particular enzyme in a test performance. (3 points)

The time in the water bath was also controlled to ensure that the enzymes were left to react for the same amount of time, making the experiment

Enzymes have an ideal range of values for any of the variables, or optimal conditions, in this experiment. When these optimal conditions are

3. What effect does boiling the liver have on the action of the enzyme? Explain why.

then release the products. The principal function of enzymes is to increase the rate of the

After the substrate solution was added, five drops of the enzyme were quickly placed in tubes 3, 4 and 5. There were no drops of enzyme added in tubes 1 and 2 and in tube 6 ten drops were added. Once the enzyme solution has been added the tubes were then left to incubate for ten minutes and after five drops of DNSA solution were added to tubes 1 to 6. The tubes were then placed in a hot block at 80-90oC for five minutes. They were then taken out after the five minute period and using a 5 ml pipette, 5 ml of distilled water were added to the 6 tubes and mixed by inversion. Once everything was complete the 6 tubes were then taken to the Milton Roy Company Spectronic 21 and the absorbance of each tube was tested.

Cellular respiration is a process that happens in all living eukaryotic cells. What cellular respiration does is turn food often carbohydrates into energy for our bodies. Cellular respiration starts with a carbohydrates sugar called glucose. What it does is alter and break down the six carbon molecule glucose and altering it creating two three carbon molecules called pyruvic acids in an anaerobic process called glycolosis (Cellular respiration). What this process does is create two ATP molecules which are basically molecules which provide energy to run all cellular processes in our bodies (king). However, from here in the process can turn aerobic, meaning using oxygen if present or anaerobic meaning when oxygen is not present in a

In the exercise # 2 we observed the effect of substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, pH and temperature on enzyme activity. All the data showed that once potato extract was added to catechol and water the reaction varied dependent on the level of catechol. As in

The following paper covers the nutritional options for the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The taxonomy of the species is Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Saccharomycotina; Saccharomycetes; Saccharomycetales; Saccharomycetaceae; Saccharomyces. The ecological role of most fungus is a consumer. It grows on an organic material and pull the required nutrients out of it furthering decomposition. S. cerevisiae is a heterotroph that consumes digestible saccharides from its environment in an anaerobic action to produces CO2 and ethyl alcohol as byproducts. This action takes place in the absence of oxygen and is known as fermentation. S. cerevisiae does not have specific mode of transportation. It reproduces asexually through a process called ‘budding’ (see Figure 1). When each cell reaches a certain size, a new cell grows by ‘budding’ the new out of the cell wall of the old cell. To do so, it metabolized saccharides in its environment to provide the biological energy needed. The purpose of the study is to determine if different food sources will facilitate growth and if the use of commercial artificial sweeteners will have any effect of the growth rate. If Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to perform glycolysis on multiple saccharides, then it should be able to digest those saccharides and some artificial sweeteners, which are chemically similar to natural sugars. The procedure to test this hypotheses is to use individual fermentation vessels with