Java 8 is one of the most notable changes to the Java programming language in Java history. Although profound, the changes enable developers to write programs more concisely, diminishing the complexity of verbose code. Our research uses Java 8 and its new functional features such as Functional Interfaces and Lambda Expressions to enable this Object Oriented Programming language to perform as a functional language.
There are a number of advantages in legacy code migration such as improved code design, however, the task of migration is tedious. Existing refactoring tools may reduce the weight of the task but some useful features still require manual intervention.
The focus of this research is placed on the new capabilities of Interfaces
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This OOD model is based on objects and data rather than actions and logic unlike the historical logical procedure of programming which simply involved inputting data, processing it and producing output.
Java’s evolution (via the addition of new features) from Java 1.1to Java 7 has been well administered, but the release of Java 8 in March 2014 included some more profound changes than any other changes to Java in its history [1].
2. Phase 1: Research Background
The notable changes visited in our research include Lambda Expressions, Functional Interfaces, Default Methods and Method References – which are Functional Language Features. A Functional Language unlike OOD is based upon is when functions, not objects or procedures, are used as the fundamental building blocks of a program.
i. Lambda Expressions
Lambda expression (also known as an anonymous method) is a block of code that you can pass around so it can be executed later, once or multiple times. Since there are no function types in Java, functions are expressed as objects - instances of classes that implement a particular interface. Lambda expressions give you a convenient syntax for creating such instances. Lambdas also reduce verbosity caused by anonymous classes - making code more elegant and concise. For example:
Before Lambdas
Button btn = new Button(); final PrintStream pStream = …; btn.setOnAction(new Event Handler(){
There are three types of Java; the deployment platform, object oriented programming language, and the application interface portfolio and each one brings their own features to visionary and enterprise operators. The open doors the Java present are to some extent obstructed by obstacles to adoption needing plans and determination to conquer. The Java deployment platform provides designers a growing horizon, giving them an entrance to the innovative markets, the wide range use of the platform hinges on major advantages regarding the ease of design; particularly, when used as a portfolio of application features and as a general-purpose programming language (Coffee, 2004).
This paper will discuss the difference between procedural modules and object-oriented methods. How both methods work and some of the pro
Programming languages are vast and diverse in their numbers. These different languages use fundamental styles of programming called programming paradigms. These programming paradigms layout the particular design approach that a program will use to solve a problem or achieve an objective. Of the many different types of programming paradigms, some of the more distinguished ones are procedural, functional, logical, and object orientated programming. Recently the object orientated languages have been rising in popularity due to their ability to easily implement large programs. There are many different object orientated programming languages (OOPLs), among them are C#, Java, Ruby, and Python. This essay will compare and contrast two of these languages: Python and Java.
Code Reusability: The object-oriented features allow the high reusability of code. For example, when a new object is created, it will inherit all the attributes and methods of the class of which it is an object of, in addition to all the parent classes of that class.
The focus of object-oriented view is on the elaboration of design classes that belong to both problem and infrastructure domains. Classes are elaborated by specifying messaging details, identifying interfaces, defining attribute data structures, and describing process flow for operations. In traditional view, three components are refined, they are control modules, domain modules, and infrastructure modules. To generate programming language source code detailed representations of data structures, interfaces and algorithms for each program are to be created.
..............................10 Procedural Languages ......................................................................10 The Object-Oriented Approach ........................................................13 Characteristics of Object-Oriented Languages......................................16 Objects ..............................................................................................16 Classes ..............................................................................................18 Inheritance ........................................................................................18 Reusability ........................................................................................21 Creating New Data Types
PURPOSE: People credited with this unit standard are able to: explain object-oriented computer program development techniques; and design, write, modify and test an object-oriented computer program.
Java could be a machine artificial language that 's coincidental, class-based, object-oriented, and significantly meant to own as few usage conditions as would be prudent. it 's expected to let application designers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), implying that code that runs on one stage doesn 't need to be recompiled to run on AN alternate. Java applications ar unremarkably incorporated to bytecode (class document) which will run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) . Java is, as of 2014, a standout amongst the foremost distinguished artificial language being employed, particularly for client server internet applications. Java was ab initio created by James goose at Sun Microsystems (which has since amalgamated into Oracle Corporation) and discharged in 1995 as a middle phase of Sun Microsystems ' Java stage. The language infers abundant of its linguistic use from C and C++, nonetheless it 's less low-level offices than each of them. The first and reference execution Java compilers, virtual machines, and sophistication libraries were made by Sun from 1991 and ab initio discharged in 1995. As of could 2007, in consistence with the particulars of the Java Community method, Sun relicensed the overwhelming majority of its Java innovations beneath the antelope General Public License. Others have to boot created choice executions of those Sun innovations, as an example, the antelope Compiler for Java, antelope Classpath, and Icedtea-Web.
The timeline reveals the highlights of the past of object-oriented modeling techniques and symbols. It is initially based upon the notations of the Booch approach, the (OMT) Object-modeling method and (OOSE) Object-oriented software engineering, which it has actually incorporated into a solitary language.
Class Performance: This work made classes have enough attributes and enabled them to improve performance as a refining object-oriented system by deleting unnecessary relationship of classes on applying various equipment in object-oriented supporting for software system refining.
can improve our productivity and provide ease of maintenance. In software development signature mismatches is a problem. Recently it can be overcome in many ways such as object pattern design, class pattern design, programming
The need for more powerful and user-friendly software grows exponentially every year. This means that there is a higher demand for better quality and more versatile software. Higher quality software that is versatile and consistent was very difficult to create for developers before object-oriented programming was created. The object-oriented programming method of utilizing objects and methods has revolutionized the way programmers create new applications. By allowing objects to be reusable and flexible, this allows more time to be spent on creating meaningful coding tasks with less time coding GUI’s (Gaddis & Irvine, 2014, p. xvii). Microsoft’s Visual Basic and Oracle’s Java are object-oriented programming languages that are very powerful applications which contain many similarities while having small differences in the syntax and the usage of elements that are common to both.
Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects rather than algorithms, this may contain data in the form of fields. it aims to incorporate the advantages of modularity and
Each symbol in a program has associated with it a series of attributes that are derived both from the syntax and semantics of the source language and from the symbol’s declaration and use in the particular program. The typical attributes include a series of relatively obvious things, such as the symbol’s name, type, scope, and size. Others, such as its addressing method, may be less obvious.
Overshadowing: It was utilized for Java code yet it could likewise be extended to different dialects by modules