Keep It Liquid

My results yielded a high Average Molarity .270M . The ideal would be around 1.000M . Deviation was ± 1.20

* This lab can be a little messy, so be sure to work at a kitchen counter or in another area that can be easily wiped down if anything spills.

The objective of the experiment “Keeping it Liquid” was to figure out what it takes to keep a compound in a liquid form which caused a phase change. A phase change is when a substance changes from one state or phase to another. There are three main phases that normally occur and they are called Evaporation, Deposition, and Melting. Evaporation is where a liquid changes to a gas. An example of evaporation is when water drops form on the glass of a cold drink on a warm day. Deposition is where a gas vapor goes directly into the solid phase without becoming a liquid first. An example of Deposition often occurs on windows during the winter months. While Melting is where a solid turns into a liquid. Melting occurs when ice turn into a liquid when

4- chlorobenzoic acid which was the aqueous layer has a theoretical melting point of 240-243°C, the organic layer, 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol has a theoretical melting point of 68-71°C. During our experiment we were unable to collect any data for the organic

The control experiment for this investigation will be the experimental setup of 5 trials using 5oC as the temperature. All the steps in the method will be followed.

The freezing point constant (Kf) of water is 1.86 °C m-1. Each mass amount and Van’t Hoff factor was calculated then analyzed in a table.

Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory was to gain an understanding of the differences between the freezing points of pure solvent to that of a solvent in a solution with a nonvolatile solute, and to compare the two.

In this experiment, we investigate the change in temperature caused by adding a chemical substance into the water and dissolving it. The results recorded in the table below show that our hypothesis is correct.

Before starting this practical ensure you have sufficient PPE including lab coat, safety goggles and latex gloves.

It is suspected that the freezing point is 64.1oC. Due to the short temperature plateau, It is difficult to determine if the freezing point occurs at during the interval (6:00-6:10). However, it appears to be have been the most reasonable determination for freezing point in comparison to the rest of the plot.

During this lab period, the safety procedures that should be followed are wearing your lab coat, safety glasses, gloves and use proper tools for dissection.

Introduction Molar mass is a fundamental quantity of chemistry. There are multiple ways to find the molar mass of a substance experimentally; one way is to use Freezing Point Depression by using the following equation: ΔT= kf*m (Robinson, 2018). The purpose of this lab was to do just that; measure the freezing point depression of a solution when a solute is added to a solvent, and from that, determine the molar mass of an unknown substance, along with learning about the influence that solutes have on liquid properties. A concept of importance to this experiment is freezing point. According to LibreTexts, “Freezing point depression is a colligative property observed in solutions that results from the introduction of solute molecules to a solvent…and

Wear safety goggles to protect the eyes from any splashes and wearing gloves is recommended when handling acids and

As stated, our solvent in this lab will be tert-butanol. We start by recording the freezing point of this substance without anything added. Then, we add various

Purpose: To measure the heats of reaction for three related exothermic reactions and to verify Hess’s Law of Heat Summation.