Explain the key strengths and limitations of the psychiatric classification system. Strengths of Psychiatric Classification and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders include that it provides a well designed standard, and comprehensive diagnostic tool for clinicians and it allows physicians to look at the complete psychological make-up of a person. 1.3 Explain two alternative frameworks for understanding mental distress? Biological The parts of the model are made up with: The functioning of an individual’s body The individuals biological history – DNA, Bloodline, genetic The chemical balance and processes of an individuals brain. Psychological This part of the model is made up with: The cognitive functions and behaviours. The model describes how an individual may interpret things differently when they are experiencing a mental health illness, for example an individual may develop alcohol problems. This could lead to physical problems like liver damage and economic problems, leading to further health problems, which may reduce the likelihood of the individual to work. Further understanding of the inter-relationship of these factors is described by the Biopsychosocial model, where individuals who are experiencing physical illnesses can also experience mental health problems. If an individual is diagnosed with a terminal illness or a life enduring condition i.e. diabetes, this can limit what an individual can do, therefore it may be recognised that the individual may become depressed and change the way they behave. 1.4 Explain how mental ill health may be indicated through an individual's emotions,thinking and behaviour? signs and symptoms of mental illness can vary,depending on the particular disorder, circumstances and other factors. Mental illness symptons can affect emotions, thoughts and behaviors. Examples of signs and sypmtoms include: Feeling sad or down confused thinking or reduced ability to concentrate, fears or worries, paranoia or hillucinations, drug alchol abuse,excessive anger and suicidal thinking. 2.1 Explain how individuals experience discrimination due to misinformation, assumptions and stereotypes about mental ill health? Difficulties getting employed because employers think that
The strengths are that the right uses and medications is used to control the illnesses also behaviours that are different to normal are noticed and seen to. The limitations are that sometimes people are categorised in the inappropriately because the DSM-IV does not explain the causes of different psychological disorders
As defined by experts, a mental illness is a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and involves changes in thinking, emotion, behavior, interpersonal interactions, daily functioning, or a combination. The causes of mental illness are complex and vary depending on the theories associated to the different biological, psychological, and environmental factors. The etiology of mental illness is based on five broad models: biological, psychological, behavioral, cognitive, and social.
There are a range of factors which may influence mental well-being and mental health problems
The medical model focuses on the molecular structure of drugs and indicators of mental or emotional disorders. However, the medical model is not effective treating mental and emotional disorders. The medical model indicts the notion that abnormal behavior is the product of physical problems and be treated medically. The medical model depends upon independent tests to demonstrate or contradict if a patient is ill. The psychological model uses tests to demonstrate or contradict whether a patient is ill. It is at this point of agreement that the two models separate. A restriction to the psychological model is if a patient that is unconscious, or their communication ability is compromised to the degree that they are
that is passed down to each individual. The medical model defines mental illness as a biological disease that is caused by malfunctioning neurophysiological process. The DSM-5 is used in the medical model as a classification system of psychological disorders to help the clinician diagnosis and treat mental illnesses. There are strengths and limitations of focusing on the medical model and the use of the DSM when working with clients.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has a number of features. First of all, every disorder is identified using a name and a numerical code. In addition, the manual provides the criteria for diagnosing each disorder as well as establishes subtypes of a disorder and examples that would illustrate the disorder. The manual goes further by addressing the typical age of onset, culturally related information, gender-related information, prevalence of a disorder, typical clinical course of a disorder, typical predisposing factors of a disorder and genetic family patterns of a disease (Summers, 2009). The DSM-IV is a tool that is used by mental health practitioners and social service workers. As has been demonstrated
Q1. Describe the main types of mental ill health according to the psychiatric (DSM/ICD) classification system:
Psychological impacts of having a chronic illness also consist of feelings such as: shame, blame, hopelessness, distress and a reluctance to seek or accept help when necessary (MHC, 2010). These feelings and emotions can lead to low self esteem, social withdrawal, poor self worth and a dependence on alcohol or drugs (Sane, 2010).
Mental illness in this manner is the belief that such illnesses can be identified and classified (As in the DSM & ICD)
Another model of health that evolved over time is the physical-mind model. This model purports that a person’s overall state of health or ability to heal can be affected on how or what they think. For instance, that depression or anxiety can negatively impact a critically ill patient’s ability to heal. It also recognized that feelings or emotions can physically manifest as illness. For example, someone who is extremely anxious can give themselves an ulcer, without doing something to physically harm themselves. Simply being under significant stress can cause a physiological response to stimulate the creation of more stomach acid and wears a hole in the lining of the stomach, creating an ulcer. When using this model of health, doctor and nurses can treat a person, mind and body, when they have an illness.
classification system: mood disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders,substance-related disorders, eating disorders, cognitive disorders
12. Describe and give an example exemplifying the tension between explanations of mental illness based on the medical model and those based on the psychological model.
The categorisation of mental illness continues today with 2 main publications, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) created by the World Health Organisation and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) published by American Psychiatric Association. This form of categorisation facilities the process of medical treatment of the patient, by standardising the referral process between medical practioners and the diagnostic labels are primarily used as a, “convenient shorthand” among professionals and not for lay use”.
The controversy and criticism surrounding the DSM -5 models has raised questions about its credibility and has raised concerns from the public on the reliability and effectiveness. Problems with this classification system is the attempt to promote preventive psychiatry by introducing how
Models of illness are used to analyse how illness arises and to predict what treatment might be effective.; Most models are implicit and not formally described.In the context of health and illness, a model will specify what factors are of importance in determining whether a person is ill, (and conversely, by implication, what factors are not relevant). It will also specify the nature of the interrelationships between these factors and being ill