LTE Case Study

In terms of architecture, it has been very challenging to provide platform, and ability to render service with high availability from the providers of the first generation (1G) networks to 4G

With the advent of high technological advancements in the field of telecommunication, it has become necessary to provide full capacity network coverage and high data rates to a user at all places. The research paper will focus on introducing small cells as a solution to the user needs by giving an overview of different kinds of architectures for LTE deployment in small cells and coordination techniques for synchronization between these architectures.

Cellular Broadband is used to access Internet on mobile devices, such as mobile phones, tablets and mobile dongles. There are currently three different technologies used to access the Internet from a mobile device, these include 2G, 3G and the current 4G. Cellular broadband is a subscription-based service, which usually comes as part of your mobile tariff from your provider. However, you can get separate tariffs just for cellular broadband, these are used in laptops and tablets to provide Internet access on the move. ITU Telecom World research indicates that 90% of the world is covered by a 2G signal; where as 45% of the world has a 3G signal (www.itu.int). This shows that there is a high demand for this service, and it is a very popular option to access Internet while bring mobile. This type of service is something that could be incorporated within our health authority network, for example a 4G connection can be used as a backup internet backbone as well as employees using the service to access

While much of the world is connecting their personal devices to fast data sharing 4G mobile networks, on other hand industry pioneers are shaping next generation networks to feed the world’s increasing

5G aims at providing myriad of services to the end users at high speed. The applications developed to avail these services are highly user friendly minimizing the interaction between the application and the user.

Back too 4G/LTE, these two network are the next stage in mobile networking that is suppose to deliver much faster speed than there predecessors. Now some company’s offer 4G only not the LTE, 4G is actually a High Speed Packet Access network known as HSPA. The 4G HSPA offers down speeds between 5 megabits and 8 megabits per second. While 4G LTE is considerably much faster than 4G alone, 4G LTE uses (Multiple Input Multiple Output) MIMO technology. MIMO

The increase in the transmission speed in the IEEE 802.11n standard is achieved, firstly, due to the doubling of the channel width from 20 to 40 MHz, and secondly, due to the implementation of MIMO technology. MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology involves the use of multiple transmit and receive antennas. (Mitchell, 2017)

The growth of the internet has had a positive effect on various aspects of human activities ranging from professional life to social life. More people are having access to the internet with time and the products and services offered through the internet are increasing. Online streaming is one of the services that have experienced a surge because of improved quality and access to the internet. Online video streaming from paid or free online channels are very popular among individuals, and they hold major entertainment promise. This can be justified by the varied nature of content that is streamed by internet users spread across the world. For instance, there is a wide range of the type of videos streamed

IEEE 802.11n is a revolutionizing standard which can achieve very high data rates with the introduction of MIMO technology in wireless networks and modulation schemes like OFDM.[1] Theoretically, it can achieve a maximum data rate of 600 MBPS which is nearly ten times more than its predecessor. It uses many efficient methods such as MIMO technology, OFDM scheme and many multiplexing techniques such as spatial multiplexing to bolster its quest for higher throughput. The fast growing mobile device usage also inflames the development of wireless standards. The physical and medium access control layers in wireless standards have a significant effect on the data

Quality of Service Challenges In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the measure of the performance for a system reflecting its transmission quality and service availability (e.g., 4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99%). Supporting QOS in 4G networks will be a major challenge. When considering QOS, the major hurdles to overcome in 4G include: varying rate channel characteristics, bandwidth allocations, fault tolerance levels, and handoff support among heterogeneous wireless networks. Fortunately, QOS support can occur at the packet, transaction, circuit, and network levels. QOS will be able to be tweaked at these different operating levels, making the network more flexible and possibly more tolerant to QOS issues. Varying rate channel characteristics refers to the fact that 4G applications will have varying bandwidth and transition rate requirements. In order to provide solid network access to support the anticipated 4G applications, the 4G networks must be designed with both flexibility and scalability. Varying

The first technology to incorporate SON features into its design was LTE, but SON was also designed to support older technologies such as UMTS. With this capability base stations would be capable of optimizing specific parameters with complex algorithms that would observe performance and enhance the network.

There are many frequency bands used for LTE TDD. Because of this, the spectrum allocated for LTE varies throughout the world. The FDD (Paired Spectrum) and TDD (Unpaired Spectrum) frequency bands continue to be developed for use with LTE. While FDD requires two different bands, one for uplink and one for downlink, TDD only needs a single band

5G networks will deliver more richer content in real time ensuring the safety and security that will make the wireless services more extensive in our everyday life. Some example of emerging services may include high resolution video streaming (4K), media rich social network services, augmented reality, and road safety [6]. According to Cisco mobile data traffic forecast,

In this paper, it gives description about 4G network, architecture and discuss about functions of each layer. It is evident that 4G technologies will expand on web-based communication around the world. 4G technology will allow for improved applications such as telemedicine that may save lives. It is a fully imp-based network and will improve data transfer dramatically. Signal disruptions will be minimal and downloads will be done in a matter of seconds, faster than ever before. Within few days 4G network may replace all existing 2G, 2.5G, 3G networks and it

The overall objective for LTE is to provide an extremely high performance radio-access technology that offers full vehicular speed mobility and that can readily coexist with HSPA and earlier networks. Because of scalable bandwidth, operators will be able to easily migrate from their networks and users from HSPA to LTE over time. LTE assumes a full Internet Protocol (IP) network architecture and is designed to support voice in the packet domain. It incorporates top-of-the-line radio techniques to achieve performance levels beyond what will be practical with CDMA approaches, particularly in larger