3.4. Results
3.4.1. An. arabiensis larval density in natural grass habitats
No significant effect of sub-site location was found (F = 0.367, DFd = 9, DFn = 3, P = 0.999). Hence, the larval abundance data collected from the breeding habitats associated with each grass species was pooled in subsequent analysis. An. arabiensis was the most abundant species comprising more than 40 % of the specimens in the study area, and was the only member of the An. gambiae sensu lato complex to be identified following PCR analyses of 48 mosquito larvae.
A significantly higher number of An. arabiensis larvae were found in E. pyramidalis dominated breeding habitats than in any of the other potential breeding habitats (Figure 5). The number of larvae in the
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Mean numbers of eggs with the same letters indicate no significant difference from one another (nominal logistic fit model, 2 and P E. stagnina > T. latifolia ≥ C. papyrus. These findings may also reflect the abundance of available nutrients and toxins associated with these potential larval habitats, which may affect larval survival differentially in the various grass-associated habitats.
Emergent vegetation in aquatic habitats are commonly associated with the presence or absence of An. gambiae/An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis larvae (Ndenga et al., 2011; Minakawa et al., 2014; Fillinger et al., 2004; Minakawa et al., 2012; 2014; Mwangangi et al., 2007). The observed patterns of association with vegetation are consistent with previous reports (Fillinger et al., 2009; Fillinger et al., 2004; 2009Bøgh et al., 2003). In studies in which the vegetation has been characterised, habitats associated with Poacaea generally have a higher An. gambiae/An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis larval density compared with that of habitats associated with Typhaceae and Cyperacaea (Fillinger et al., 2004; 2009). While vegetation in these habitats is known to influence characteristics, such as shading, temperature, water flow, predator abundance and nutrients, they also provide gravid mosquitoes with chemical cues
The macroinvertebrates graph (figure 2) represents the diversity of species inhabiting the Baldwin Swamp. In 2009 the Baldwin swamp was flourishing with a large diversity of species. A total of 33 macroinvertebrates, 8 species were recorded. At this time the baldwin swamp was healthy, abundant in life and the ecosystem and food webs were unaffected by the floods. Whereas 3 weeks after the floods swept through there were little to no range of species of macroinvertebrates. There were a recorded amount of 2 Damselfly Nymph and 1 waterboat man. A theory to why these two
1. Splendor In The Grass: A Semiotic Outlook on Genious Anatolian Film Director Elia Kazan’s Dramatic Work of Art, M.Nurdan Oncel Taskiran, Assis.Prof. PhD, Internet - http://akademikpersonel.kocaeli.edu.tr/nurdan/bildiri/nurdan08.12.2010_19.03.09bildiri.pdf
Pillbugs and sowbugs are terrestrial isopods that belong to the order Isopoda and the arthropod class crustacean. According to the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, the terrestrial isopods have evolved from the marine forms. However despite the fact that they seek moist environments they must also avoid an overly moist environment (Journal of Insect Science, 2008). The two different species resemble one another phenotypically. However, pillbugs are a dark gray and the sow bugs are a light gray with posterior projections. Pillbugs also curl into a ball when they feel endangered and the sow bugs do not. The pill bugs used in this experiment were female. Isopods primarily live in dark, damp habitats in order to prevent dehydration (Isopod Behavior Lab). The purpose of this experiment was to determine the type of environment isopods prefer. First we tested to see if the isopods preferred a dry or moist environment and then we tested to see if they preferred the potting soil or the leaf litter environment. For the observation of isopods in response to moisture experiment it was said that each of the two different species would prefer a different environment. For part two, Observation of Isopods in response to other variables, it was hypothesized that the Isopods would prefer the potting soil or the leaf litter environment.
A two-part study was recently done to show what natural habitat a Pill bug, Armadillidium vulgare, naturally prefers: wet or dry environments along with a light or dark environment. It was hypothesized that a Pill bug would prefer and wet and dark environment based on its natural habitat of soil. For the wet and dry experiment, a coffee filter and soil were placed in each chamber of a double petri dish with one being dampened before being placed in. For the light and dry experiment a light was hung above one chamber of another double-chambered petri dish while the other chamber was covered with aluminum foil, after placing soil in both chambers. An equal number of Pill bugs was placed in each chamber and a study was taken for
The novel Motorcycles and Sweet Grass by Drew Hayden Taylor, is an award winning native comedy. Taylor includes many themes and symbols that enhance and accompany those themes. There are many different themes and symbols that Taylor has incorporated into his novel. Some include crows, raccoons, sweetgrass and John’s motorcycle. In the novel, symbols are a big part of story line development and help enhance themes. The symbols that I will use are the raccoons, the crow and John’s last names. These symbols relate to and enhance primarily mythology.
Lampert, W., & Sommer, U. (2010). Limnoecology: [the ecology of lakes and streams]. Oxford [u.a.: Oxford University
The isopods used for this experiment range in color from gray to brown and were about 8.5 to 18 mm in length. Each Isopod’s head had one pair of antennae and one pair of antennules, both used to detect sensory stimuli from the environment around the pillbug. Their bodies were made of a hard thorax with seven segments and an abdomen. Each pillbug had seven pairs of legs, one for each segment of its thorax. Pill bugs breathe through gill-like structures and must live in moist places.
'Splendour in the Grass' is a yearly Australian music celebration. In 2001, 'Splendour in the Grass' begun as an one day occasion held at Belongil Fields in Byron Bay, NSW and soon advanced into a three day occasion. It is currently thought to be one the country's biggest winter celebrations and draws in countless that go from everywhere throughout the nation. 'Splendour in the Grass' moved to Woodford, QLD after the NSW court denied coordinators consent to utilize a bigger site at Byron Bay, NSW. 'The Moreton Bay Regional Council and State Government have arranged a two-year manage 'Splendour in the Grass', which will be extended to three days.' (Kellett, C 2009). Alongside the move to the new grounds, coordinators presented a third night of music at the occasion.
Acidity increases by ten times for one pH level increase. Soil pH is a major constraint on plant growth. Since plants are the base of the ecosystem, pillbugs may be affected by the pH change as well. Soil acidity can be assisted by addition of certain other plants, like AM fungi, or the addition of basic materials (Kawahara, et. al., 2016). We decided to investigate which pH level pillbugs naturally preferred. We created three different choice chambers that had pH levels of 5, 7, and 9. This experiment will test if pH has an effect on pillbug choice of habitat.We predicted that there will be more pillbugs in the choice chamber with a pH of 7 because a pH level of 5.5 to 7 is considered to be the normal, natural environment of pillbugs. Usually, the pH that pillbugs are found in are 5.5 to 7 (Kawahara, et. al., 2016). In each habitat, the number of pillbugs will be counted every minute for 15 minutes. If a pillbug is in between chambers during the counting, they may be counted for the chamber to which they are
West Virginia is known as the "mountain state." It consists of many beautiful lakes, rivers, streams, and quite a few tourist attractions, such as Babcock. Not only that, but West Virginia is made up of several different biomes. West Virginia is also made up of forests, as well.
The aim of our excursion to Hastings Point, New South Wales was to study the biodiversity and ecology and to see how these organisms behave in their natural habitat and surroundings. There will also be information collected about a variety of different organisms as well as population counts and observe how they have adapted to the species surrounding environment. The excursion will also be an opportunity to gather information on
With this type of substratum, it favours idyllic conditions for various types of vegetation to inhabit and create the optimum conditions for roach due to them being both herbivorous and detritivorous feeders (Weatherley, 1987; Brabrand, 1985). Looking at figure 8 this is demonstrated as the Trews weir shows that roach have the fastest growth rate and also attain the largest size than any other site with they are found. From looking at Figure 9 and 10 it is evident that roach find this type of area far more beneficial then dace as roach are in higher abundances at this site. According to a study that had previously taken place by Cowx, 1989 said that dace and roach sampled from the Trews Weir had a significant dietary over lap in this area; figures 9 and 10 also show this.
New Community Jewish High School honors biology students conducted research on damselflies using representative data provided by a previous class. Using the lincoln petersen index, it was determined that there were approximately 140 damselflies. Using morositas index, it was discovered that the damselflies are arranged in a clumped distribution
All of the species except for worms had the same relative abundance. Insecta Cleopetra feed on insects. Silk
The EPT Index looks at Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies, respectively) as indicators of aquatic community health. The idea behind the EPT Index is that healthier streams have a greater richness of species as many species of macroinvertebrates are intolerant of pollutions and thus will not be found in low quality bodies of water (Lenat 1988). Previous studies have found that EPT