Anopheles gambiae

collected from the breeding habitats associated with each grass species was pooled in subsequent analysis. An. arabiensis was the most abundant species comprising more than 40 % of the specimens in the study area, and was the only member of the An. gambiae sensu lato complex to be identified following PCR analyses of 48 mosquito larvae. A significantly higher number of An. arabiensis larvae were found in E. pyramidalis dominated breeding habitats than in any of the other potential breeding habitats

lying below the mucky surface of a deforested plain, a killer has taken root. At risk is half of the world’s population who reside in the 106 countries and territories that are prone to plasmodium falciparum transmission. Who is this killer? Anopheles gambiae complex, which has devastated the African region acting as a vector for the parasite plasmodium falciparum, more commonly referred to as malaria. Why has a parasite that is responsible for approximately half of all recorded deaths relatively

ANOPHELES MOSQUITO VECTORS: BEHAVIOUR AND DIVERSITY In Africa, An. gambiae and An. funestus are the two most efficient primary malaria vectors are which are anthropophilic, endophilic, endophagic, and late-night biting [13] In contrast, An. arabiensis, a species belonging to the same complex as An. gambiae, is more plastic in its behaviour, exhibiting more often zoophily, exophily, exophagy, and early night biting as compared to An. gambiae and An. funestus. However, different factors can influence

DDT-resistant Anopheles gambiae by application of indoor residual spraying or mosquito nets treated with a long-lasting organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos-methyl The Malaria Journal presented a study in which experimental huts were investigated by the BioMed Central within the means of DDT and safer alternatives through indoor residual spraying(IRS) and insecticide treated nets(ITNs) testing in order to effectively eliminate the most mosquitoes, or in this case, Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus

potentially eradicating certain genetic diseases from the human genome. One application scientists have looked to use CRISPR/Cas9 for is the control and eradication of mosquito-borne diseases. (Broad Institute, n.d.) b. Imperial College in London: A. gambiae male-line modification (“Ending malaria,” 2014) i. Method:

mosquitos without the parasite. This allows Plasmodium falciparum to spread quickly through mosquitoes and then can infect a greater number of individuals (Koella, 1998). The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is contracted by the Anopheles mosquito (CDC, 2015. Only Anopheles mosquitos can transmit this particular virus that causes malaria. They must have been infected through a precious blood meal taken from an infected person. When the

Antonio Regaldo in his article, “The Extinction Invention,” conveys the situation on why gene drive is an integral part to eradicate Malaria as our normal expedient is too resource intensive and affected heavily by human behavior. Regaldo is optimistic on the new technologies as he lays out the all procedures for the dissemination the gene drive mosquitos into the wild. As optimistic is Regaldo, he still acknowledges this new technology will impact everyone, thus he discloses that the awareness among

Plasmodium species identified as causal agents of malaria in humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovalae, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi, with the most common, P. falciparum, accounting for approximately seventy percent of all cases. The female Anopheles gambiae is a vector for all plasmodia of malaria, as observed by Ronald Ross in 1897 (Nobel Media, 2014) , and acquires the Plasmodium by feeding on the blood of an already infected human. Subsequently, the Plasmodium multiplies, and migrates from the

eggs. The mosquito vector for malaria is the mosquito genus Anopheles. Transfers Plasmodiumthrough saliva while feeding on blood. http://www.aaenvironment.com/Pictures/Mosquito.jpg Malaria, mosquitoes, and humans http://www.clongen.com/Plasmodium%20falciparum%20life%20cycle.gif A Mosquito-borne

Natural Immunity against malaria: Natural immunity against asexual stage parasites develops with repetitive exposure to malaria parasites and thus forms the basis of clinical immunity against malaria (Baird, Jones et al. 1991, Day and Marsh 1991, Trape, Rogier et al. 1994, Baird 1995, Baird 1998, Hviid 2005). Though clinical immunity to malaria has been shown to develop in individuals, it does not prevent reinfection due to several factors including the complex life-cycle of the parasite and insufficiency