BOOK REVIEW-LEADERSHIP AND PERFORMANCE BEYOND EXPECTATIONS Bass, B. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: The Free Press. It is one of the best leadership books I ever read so far. “Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations” by Bernard M. Bass, published by The Free Press in 1985. It has been two decades since the book published, and some might says that the word “expectations” used as the title may be only applicable during that era, but for me, most of the ideas are still relevant and adaptable till present; as to agree with the a statement made by Abraham Zaleznik, Konosuke Matsushita Professor of Leadership, Emeritus at the Havard Business School on this publication, “This book will recast leadership …show more content…
From all the insights and valuable information gathered, the author later presents a Leadership Questionnaire on the last part of this book. The questionnaire was hopefully become a measuring tool for self-appraisal and evaluation of both transactional and transformational traits. Ethical The author did mention on the morality issue. As quoted by Burns (1978), transformational leadership has moral whereby the leader is guided by ethical principles such as respect for human dignity and equality of human rights. A moral leadership will serve the organization‟s well-being better in the long run. That is, the transformations that deals with fulfilment of real needs, proven benefited to the organization. The personal values goes hand-in-hand with the integrity of leaders and will somewhat influence how he lead and run the show.
Immoral leadership was also cited in this book. It argued that the leadership is immoral once the followers‟ needs were not authentic, and their need levels were elevated by the leader. An example of Aldof Hitler‟s leadership was discussed as to show how unethical leadership had given a negative impact not just to the country but also at the expense of the German society.
Hitler‟s leadership did promote immorality and encouraging brutality in order to achieve goals, and was globally censured. The author
Over the past twenty years, an abundant body of researches have been done to review transformational leadership and transactional leadership. Burn (1978) was the first person to introduce and conceptualize the concept of transformational leadership and transactional leadership. Bass (1985) based on Burn’s concept and deepen his notion with modifications, which stated that one of the best frameworks of leadership is transformational or transactional, but not opposing to each other. Followed by Bass and Avolio (1994), they provide the idea of these two leaderships and generalize them into the development of global economic world. Bass and Avolio (1997) also suggested that there was no need to view transformational and
Transformational theory is relevant to this study since it informs the independent variable. It asserts that transformational leadership creates positive change in the followers whereby they take care of each other's interests and act in the interests of the group as a whole therefore contributing to overall organization performance.
These types of leaders, according to Avolio (1991) possess the characteristics of individual consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and idealized influence. This paper will examine the outcomes that are a direct result of transformational leaders who exhibit these types of traits such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment, job stress, safety, supervisor satisfaction, team, performance, and general.
Six styles of leadership are going to be examined in this paper; transactional, transformational, servant, charismatic, contingency, and strategic.
These leaders are role models to their followers. A key ideal of transformational leadership is the readiness to test the position quo. Transformational leaders must have personality and self-confidence; with these characters it will help the leader to encourage the followers. Transformational leadership can encourage their followers in either a positive or negative way. This form of leadership can get muggy only because leaders attempt to try and change their follower’s thoughts. Additionally charisma can have a down side
The book The Heart of Change shows the practical side of the theories that are taught in the course textbook. It presents stories of successes and failures based in the application of concepts discussed in Organizational Behavior and Management and in class. Although we talked about several different concepts the ones that are evident in the examples in The Heart Of Change are the more progressive and individual centered approaches. The leadership characteristics that are important to successful change in an organization are those that are espoused in the transformational theory of management. It makes sense that ideals in line with the transformational management theory
Transformational leadership comprises four components: inspirational motivation, idealized influence, individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation. The transformational leadership style can create positive outcomes for followers, which is a positive reflection of their leadership style. The transformational leadership style also has its dark side. Schuh, Zhang, & Tian (2013) describes two types of transformational leadership style, the first type of transformational leadership focus on altruistic goals and common good and behavior characterized by high moral and ethical standards. The second type of transformational leadership style is self-centered, focuses on their own status, authority, power, and position at the expense of
Transformational leaders would go through different stages of psychological testing how they behave and act. The testing has shown the improvement and change reactions of those who have been through testing. Despite the changes of some leaders, there were those whose leadership behaviors were not changed. The purpose was to see if their behaviors could and would help motivate their subordinates. Transformational leaderships have shown that they could motivate their followers to surpass their own self-interests to a much high level than the leaders. The behaviors of the transformational leadership will continue to have major changes on the performance of the followers. Transformational leaders have responsibilities and will continue to have positive impact to organizational culture, subordinate performance and
The transformational leadership theories first arose late in the past millennium when existential factors caused different organizations to re-invent and establish themselves. Many of such attempts deemed to result in widespread failure, however; those who actually succeeded in transforming these structures received great attention for their efforts. Transformational leaders are individuals who possess an innate ability to create changes in the audience’s thinking, thereby, creating a shift in their behavior as well. It is a process in which the leader attends to the needs of their followers so that the interaction raises each to high levels
Transformational leadership has been presented in the literature as different from transactional leadership. While transactional leadership was defined on the basis of the influence process underlying it, as an exchange of rewards for compliance, transformational leadership was defined on the basis of its effects, as transforming the values and priorities of followers and motivating them to perform beyond their expectations (Yukl, 1998). Bass and Avolio (1994) proposed that the behaviors transformational leaders’ exhibit include four components: individualized consideration, inspirational motivation, idealized influence and intellectual stimulation.
Have you ever wonder why Hitler leadership was significant? There were many reason why it was significant like how he would take over countries, he was a very powerful dictator, he was the Nazi leader, and he got support from attacking the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler’s leadership was very significant even though he was great leader he didn’t treat others well. This question will be explored throughout this piece on how significant was Hitler's leadership?, How did he rose to power?, his weaknesses and strengths.
After studying and learning from the different theories of Leadership, I found Transformational Leadership the best theory to identify with. Before going further with this theory, I want to state the most accurate Leadership definition for me. Leadership is a development of social influence and an exchange of values, behaviors, and power delegation between leaders and followers, where leaders maximizes efforts of the followers to achieve a collective goal (Kruse, 2013). Moreover, Scholars has divided leadership into different areas, such as Trait Approach, Skill Approach, Situational Approach, Transformational-Transactional, to name a few (COLLINSON & TOURISH, 2015). In this paper, I will talk about my concept of leadership before learning about the different leadership theories, what Transformational Leadership Theory is, how it helps raising the productivity in the group, the different dimensions of this theory, the differences with transactional leadership, the relation between charisma and transformational leadership, why I chose transformational leadership, and the different challenges and obstacles of this theory.
Over the past twenty years, an abundant body of researches have been done to review transformational leadership and transactional leadership. Burn (1978) was the first person to introduce and conceptualize the concept of transformational leadership and transactional leadership. Bass (1985) based on Burn’s concept and deepened his notion with modifications, which stated that one of the best frameworks of leadership is transformational or transactional. Following Bass and Avolio (1994, p. 4) provided the idea of these two leaderships and generalized them into the development of global economic world. Bass and Avolio (1997) also suggested that there was no need to view transformational and transactional leadership as
While the transactional leadership can be seen as simple contract trade based on the interest of greed, which sometimes get confused with what we call the manager’s task. The transformational leadership seeks to satisfy high need of its subordinates, commit to aspiring human dimension to a process of stimulation and mutual development in which the selfish interests are transcended in favor of the common good.
There is always a very strong relationship between leadership and organizational performance of an organization. Organizations are therefore on a continuous process to equip its leaders with the relevant skills to tackle the ever changing trends in the business world. Being aware of the major international trends in business helps leaders to take advantage of the ones that will favor a company on global markets. These markets evolve rapidly and hence they encourage competition of companies worldwide. This is done through the introduction of programs that are geared towards the transformation of their leaders in order to yield maximum profits. The commonest global trends in business today are globalization and d technology.