© National College for School Leadership 2003 1
Leadership in Organizations
Gary Yukl
2001, Prentice Hall
Gary Yukl is Professor of Management and Leadership at the State University of New York in
Albany, and a board member of the Leadership Quarterly journal. He is a well-known scholar and author on leadership. Leadership in Organizations was first published in 1981. This fifth edition was published in 2002, and the formerly 19 chapters have been consolidated into 15
(which includes a new chapter on ethical leadership and diversity). This has been done in order to accommodate a 15-week course.
Each chapter covers a particular aspect of leadership research study, with a concluding summary and questions for
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Yukl observes that much of the research over the last 50 years has involved dyadic (one individual to another specific individual) relationships between a leader and a follower. Within this context, he goes on to look at a number of follower-based theories including: leader-member exchange (LMX), leader attributions about subordinates, follower attributes and implicit theories, follower contributions to effective leadership, and social learning theory (self-management). All of this emphasises the importance of the follower role to a leader. Within the 10 guidelines the author proposes for becoming an effective follower, he suggests specific phrases which might be used in a given situation; for example, in a situation where a follower might disagree with a proposed action by a leader: “You know I respect what you are trying to accomplish, and I hope you won’t mind if I express some honest concerns about this proposal”.
Yukl states at three points within the text that “influence is the essence of leadership”. This is covered in Chapter 6, which concerns power and influence. Here different types of power are studied, though the focus is on the French and Raven taxonomy of five types of power: reward, coercive, legitimate, expert and referent. Guidelines are proposed for using legitimate authority, reward authority and coercive power. Yukl even describes the tone of voice a leader
Growing up I was always told to be a leader and not a follower, and as a child I did not think much of that saying. However, in recent years I have begun to grasp what it truly means to
From your perspective, based on the video and articles for this activity, how did GE
Power, influence, leadership ability, all these intertwine to make an effective leader; yet they are often confused as being able to stand alone to define a leader. Each element is needed to complete the other, thus this paper will look at how power is used as influence. Using Hackman and Johnson’s Personal Power Profile, my preferred method of influence will be examined and how this relates to future leadership will be discussed.
In the current times of deep environmental change caused by deteriorating economical conditions, a firm’s ability to embrace change and adapt is vital to survival. According to a study by Stoica (1995), adaptability was defined as below:
Power: the political power is the ability to shape and control the political behavior of
Part A: Five (5) types of leader power. There are five sources of individual power according to French & Raven (Nahavandi, 2015): 1. Legitimate – Based on a person holding a formal position (example: President of USA) 2. Reward – Based on person’s access to rewards (example: Mayor of NY) 3.
A second form of power is called prevention or power from the efforts of others to
Downfalls from power occur when there is an imbalance between the two souls present in the body. Every human has two conflicting souls that serve as consciences to guide one’s actions: the animal soul and the godly soul. The former acts as a means of acquiring the necessities of life, acting in the best interest of oneself. The latter focuses on doing what is morally right, aiming to help others. Often, the animal soul is associated with evil. Though everyone has both souls, some may have one soul dominant over the other, leading them to have more attributes associated with that specific soul. For example, greed and corruption are prevalent among people with excessive power. When viewing the behavior of those in authoritative positions, one may notice that, “Their animal soul has become so dominant over time that it becomes the norm” (Anchor Text). Their need for success has become equivalent to an animal’s desire for food and life. People without power also have animal souls as
The concept of followership has existed for decades, but only in relatively recent times has the idea received more attention. The dictionary definition of the word followership is “the capacity or willingness to support a leader”.
relationships of power and influence in regard to one another. In a just individual, the rational part of
I have learned many lessons from Jack Welch on leadership. Jack Welch has been with the General Electric Company (GE) since 1960. Having taken over GE with a market capitalization of about $12 billion, Jack Welch turned it into one of the largest and most admired companies in the world by the time he stepped down as its CEO 20 years later, in 2000. Jack Welch used his uncanny instincts and unique leadership strategies to run GE, the most complex organization in the world and increased its market value by more than $400 billion over two decades. He remains a highly regarded figure in business circles due to his innovative leadership style. Jack Welch demonstrated Kouzes and Posner’s five practices of modeling the way, inspiring a shared
Successful organizations have strong leaders and managers that develop, support and encourage employee longevity within a company. There is a significant difference between leadership and management however both skills have to be used collectively and both are important to a profitable organization. Leadership is a notion of communicating an organization’s vision, whereas management is more of the implementation of the organization’s vision. The manager typically carries out the responsibilities written by the organization and has a good team underneath them to carry out the duties and meet the goals. Most companies have a mission statement that mirrors and supports a company’s vision. When referring leadership and management, the two
Followers – Different people requires different styles of leadership. e.g. - a new hire requires more supervision than an experienced employee does.
To explore the use of innovation and creativity in leading the early Christian communities from insular spirituality to a global social or religious force, and then apply these concepts to the challenge of organizational leadership today by using Sacred Texture Analysis understanding on how Apostle Peter was saying about the principles of the concepts to the challenge of organizational leadership today, I must use the application of exegesis with the guidance of the Holy Spirit. These are my insights. In carrying out his mission, Peter persistently had to struggle with questions of creativity and innovation. In a very significant sense, he had to disconnect himself from his personal culture in order to do so. “It is important to note the distinction between practices and principles. They start from their core and grow and evolve outward over time” (Schneider, 2000, pg. ). Peter was unreservedly transformed with Christ from his old nature. Since transformation, Peter started to see all new nature to all people without failing his integrity of the gospel of grace. At this moment whenever I think about culture, I would at least seek three different elements:
Leadership is the ability of an organisation 's management to set and achieve challenging goals, take swift and decisive action, perform better in the competition, and inspire others to perform well (Rodd, 2013). Leadership provides direction for an organisation by letting the staff know about the direction in which they are headed and who to follow to reach the destination. Leadership involves showing staff how to effectively perform their responsibilities and by regularly supervising the completion of their tasks. Leadership is also about setting a positive example for staff to follow through being excited about the work, being motivated to learn new things, and helping out as needed in both individual and team activities. Leadership is not about taking the responsibility as a whole by acting as a hero, but it involves performing in a way that can support empowerment and well-being of other(Sinclair, 2007). A leader establishes a clear vision and sharing that vision with others so that they can follow desirably. The leader provides the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision and co-ordinates and balance the conflicting interests of all members and stakeholders (Law and Glover 2000: 13). To be a leader in early childhood settings, create positive culture, empower others and work towards to improve quality of care and education. To implement the National Quality Standard; document policies and procedure, well maintained records, reflect on practice,