Likert survey scale was invented by Rensis Likert, who was first to apply this approach in surveys to check attitudes. The main advantage of his method is that it requires less time to develop and is easier to adopt than the previously used survey methods. Moreover, the Linkert’s approach does not require the use of negative wording points, which is why Linkert scale survey has been used so much.
“Likert Scaling is a undimensional scaling method. As in all scaling methods, the first step is to define what it is you are trying to measure.” (Trochim, 2006)
Questionnaire items are simple statements that the subject should be evaluated based on their personal views. Commonly used five gradations, such as:
1. Strongly disagree
2. Disagree
3. Neither agree or disagree
4. Agree
5. Totally agree.
Statements wordings that are selected depend on the objectives of the researcher, the wording of the response may also vary, for example from "frequent" to "never go out" or "always buy" - "never buy." The number of grades can also be different (from three to nine). Selection of questions in the survey scale compiled into a pilot study. To do this, create an initial list of questions, which are offered to pilot survey-takers from the chosen group of representatives (team members), they will test each question for appropriateness. Approvals must be consistent from each pilot test-survey taker. Some questions will have to be taken off from the survey before the final survey is done.
When
1. A Likert scale (/ˈlɪkərt/[1]) is a psychometric scale commonly involved in research that employs questionnaires. It is the most widely used approach to scaling responses in survey research, such that the term is often used interchangeably with rating scale, or more accurately the Likert-type scale. One of the most common scale types is a Likert scale. A Likert scale is commonly used to measure attitudes, knowledge, perceptions, values, and behavioral changes. A Likert-type scale involves a series of statements that respondents may choose from in order to rate their responses to evaluative questions
Questionnaires are “a series of questions asked to individuals to obtain statistically useful information about a given topic” (Bryant, L, 2014). There are different types of questionnaires that include face to face, phone, post and online.
The design included a number of survey questions with varying number of choices. Most of the questions required the surveyed person to decide on scales of 1-3 or 1-4. This will allow those taking the survey to find where they fit, but will not determine if certain parameters are a little above the middle or greatly above the middle like question 4a which states has increased or has decreased – we wont know by how much or how impressive it might be.
This also provides flexibility in the analysis of the responses. On the other hand, standardized questionnaire items often represent the least common denominator in assessing people’s attitudes, orientations, circumstances, and experiences. By designing questions that will be appropriate for all respondents, it is possible to miss what is most appropriate to many of the respondents (Babbie, 1992).
In this chapter, I will analyse the data according to the principles proposed, such as Likert’s scale. According to the data collected, I will come out with certain conclusions to predict the respondents’
The survey form was designed with 10 questionnaires about personality, each question is scale from 1 to 7 . Firstly, I answered the questionnaires for myself, then gave out survey forms to 5 co-workers and 5 friends.
5. I thought the researchers’ use of multiple scales was very helpful to provide more evidence. In psychology, we are testing for ideas or concepts that are not observable. It’s important to rely on more than one type of research to capture these changes in scores or perception. It also gave the study a higher chance of showing a significant difference.
E). We did not manipulate his scale, instead we used it entirely to received results that would assist us in this project. We anticipated that this structure would stimulate our results to accept our hypothesis. The construct was a measure of thirty-six questions that was used to assess our variable in the survey. This consisted of a six-point Likert scale including: strongly agree to strongly disagree. When analyzing the data we had to reverse score them to remain consistent with our independent
The questionnaires are scored by converting each answer to a numerical equivalent and comparing the totals for each area with the empirically derived cutoff points for that area. The responses yes, sometimes, and not yet are converted to points 10, 5, and 0, respectively describe in the steps below.
The degree to which a construct is expressed by an individual is assessed through the use of variables. Variables are presented on 5 levels of measurement which are nominal scales, two types of ordinal scales, interval scales, and ratio scales. The variable are organized from least mathematically precise to the most precise. When using a nominal scales numbers are represented as names only, such as gender, blood group or psychiatric disorder. This type of data can only be used for counting. Ordinal scale type I includes data that exist in a rank order , is comparable between various scales and are not comprised of a mathematical system. Examples include horse race results, and US Army rankings. Ordinal scale type II include data that is averaged from an attitude/opinion scale such as movie rankings, grades, and opinion surveys.
Above all, its specific properties have not yet been fully exploited, which can be partially attributed to a shortage of easily available statistical methods in the past and a lack of awareness on the side of the researchers. In the following sections we will first discuss the properties of various measurement scales and subsequently focus on the continuous rating scale in online surveys in more detail. Sub3
These three topics were then measured using a five-point scale (1 being strongly disagree and 5 being strongly agree) as well as other measures (source).
The strength of questionnaires is it can give an insight into respondent’s thoughts and opinions and also cost efficient as it is inexpensive.
Open-ended questions allow for a greater variety of responses from participants but are difficult to analyze statistically because the data must be coded or reduced in some manner. Closed-ended questions are easy to analyze statistically, but they seriously limit the responses that participants can give. Many researchers prefer to use a Likert-type scale because it’s very easy to analyze statistically. (Jackson, 2009, p. 89)