Media and the Kargil War

Methods of circulating ideas have been seen in a variety of forms, these forms utilized as tools to express specific messages throughout the years of American history. Experiencing how the spread of mental concepts and historically significant events coincide has earned the nation its current state. There’s a cycle between media and the primary events in the history of the United States, where an influence bounces between the two of them. When something momentous arises, the common reaction of media tools is to spread the news regarding it. Subsequently, the ideas stirred amongst individuals-as a result of the media-birth a reaction. The reaction brings about more significant events, owing to the fact that the origin of anything monumental

Ever since the 17th century, the newspaper has been produced and blown out of proportion, known as mass media. George A. Krimsky shines his own opinion in his essay, “The Role of the Media in a Democracy.” Krimsky provides many examples, reasoning, and rhetoric devices to expand his argument even more, his argument being that; the press should send out straight facts, let people interpret them, and allow the free press to hold the government accountable.

The Vietnam War was the first televised war. This allowed news stations to bring the battles right to the television screen in someone’s home. The Vietnamese would use the American media to express their thoughts to the Americans. Americans were also able to see the brutal combat that was happening and get a first-hand experience of the war. Reporters had the ability to skew Americans’ views of the war by the way they reported. Since the Vietnam War was televised many people were influenced by the images they saw on their home television and caused them to take action.

The Civil War forever changed how media was consumed, especially during war times. Never before had there been such a public outcry for consumption of news and updates of what exactly was happening on the different fronts. Plenty of printing presses existed across the country, and newly invented cameras paved the way for new ways people could witness the war. News traveled more quickly as well with the use of railroads to distribute daily papers. While some areas of media stayed the same on both sides of the war, there were some differences, such as exactly how much of the media was consumed on either side. Both sides had problems with generals shutting down newspapers, however the two sides were vastly different in how they were able to handle the ginormous growth of media consumption.

During WWII, media was a huge part in trying to rally up the people to help in war efforts. . Great Britain was in major need and were willing to do anything.

The Vietnam War was a long and expensive war that lasted between the years 1954 and 1975. This conflict happened against the Communist North Vietnam and South Vietnam with its ally, the United States. Over the course of the war 58,000 Americans were either killed or wounded, with an overall count of 3 million people killed during the war, including civilians (History – Vietnam War). With the help of the media, this merciless and gruesome war was televised to American homes everywhere which created controversy and caused uneasiness in Americans. Although the media portrayal of the war at first had mainly positive responses, the end of the war had a different story to tell.

The ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan has been the subject of speculation and study by political scientists and historians for a number of years. The ethnic conflict seems to have been sparked at the very beginning in 1947, when the British used Muslim and Hindu mercenaries against each other before the area finally split into today’s countries of India and Pakistan (Spiegel et al. 2015, 185). The timeline since then has been full of conflicts, both major and minor. Brutal tactics used by security forces and a high rate of unemployment have added to the issue (BBC News 2016).

The established freedom within this uncensored war, unleashed an unprecedented amount of evidence, thus allowing the media to become a tool for oral and visual communication for the masses, ultimately changing the method of historical approach. The ‘nature of evidence’ significantly changed during the television age as the intensity of war coverage changed. Professor Phillip M. Taylor ascertains that the role of the media enabled the general public to be "take a front seat at the making of history on the shirt-tails of journalism”. Therefore, the public became histories witnesses - albeit indirect participants - through the media. Many theorists argue that the media did not create or script any events that played out in the war, rather the

Americans reported that the primary source for gaining news was the television. In addition to the digital advancements in media, reporters could now travel to the place of battle and take clearer photographs of soldiers on the field. However, with such advancements in the media and easy access, this caused a major issue for the government. With a lack of proper censorship on such graphic topics, the media swayed the opinion of thousands across the United States. The media’s presence in the war grew rapidly throughout the years, hoping for juicy topics that would evoke an emotion from the American people.

h the hydrogen bomb at the Nevada test site.In 1970 India launched their first nuclear bomb india declared it to be a peaceful test so nobody got scared and thought there was a war or anything bad going to happen and now india knows how to build a bomb

The media has always tried to keep us as informed as possible on the events around us. Recently with the war in Iraq, the media has been doing what they can to keep all of us back at home aware of what’s happening. Some people feel that the amount of coverage given is “Un-American” while others think that the media is just doing what ever George W. Bush wants. The media has done only what they’ve always done, tried to get the story and make a name for themselves.

The War in Vietnam was the first real “television” war, meaning it was the first conflict where the U.S. military found itself attempting to control a media which was not fully supportive of the country’s involvement. (79)

A good starting point when trying to find the connections between soldiers from different nations is discovering and understanding why these soldiers enlisted to fight in the war along with understanding how the media’s filtering effects that. In the case of Paul Bäumer and his friends, they had a school teacher called Kantorek who, “during drill-time Kantorek gave us long lecture until the whole of [Paul’s] class went, under [Kantorek’s] shepherding, to the District Commandant and volunteered,” (Remarque 11). Paul even suggested those who didn’t volunteer risked being called “coward” because “at that time even one’s parents were ready with the word,” (Remarque 11). As Paul put it- “no one had the vaguest idea what we were in for” (Remarque 11), which could have been because of the filtering of the media on the war.

In times of War, the media plays a crucial role both in reporting, monitoring and giving updates. During the Vietnam War of 1955-1975, the American press played crucial roles of reporting until it ended up shifting its tone under the influence of occurrence of some events like the Tet Offensive, the My Lai Massacre, the bombing of Cambodia and leaking of Pentagon papers resulting into lack of trust in the press (Knightly 1975). From the beginning of the war up to present times there have been undying debates over the role of media in the war. The have been various criticisms over the American News Media’s actions and influences on the outcome of the war. The debate is embedded on the particular political assumptions perceived across the

Kashmir is conflict territory after the partition of India and Pakistan. Conflict is not only between India and Pakistan but also India and the religious militants. Religious Militants are conducting a jihad to govern by the religious law. Historically, Kashmir included Sufis Muslim not orthodox Muslim. Numerous international events had influenced in the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Kashmir. Jihad is not originally from Kashmir but they are foreign militancy bought during the end of the Soviet –Afghanistan War. Additionally, they are trained in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pakistan Inter service Intelligence helped them to incorporate into organized militant groups. Pakistan helped Jihad group with full moral,