Introduction The most common method of transmitting information include use of bit strings. It's beyond bounds of possibility to evade errors when data is stored, recovered, operated on or transmitted. The likely source for this errors include electrical interference, noisy communication channels, human error or even equipment error and storing data for a very long time on magnetic tapes.. Important to consider therefore is ensuring liable transmission when large computer files are transmitted very fast or say when data is sent over a very long distance and to recover data that have degraded due to long storage on tapes. For a reliable transmission of data, techniques from coding theory are used. It is done in a such a way …show more content…
in case this is done, errors will not only be able to detected but also corrected . In short , in case sufficiently few errors are made in the transmission of a codeword, it becomes very easier to determine which codeword was sent. the following examples illustrate the idea. Application include television cameras. Hamming Distance when it comes to information theory, Hamming distance refers to the number of bits which are the difference between two binary strings. expressed alternatively,, the distance between two strings A and B is ∑ | Ai - Bi |. simply put in a similar way is that it determines the minimum number of substitutions required to alter one string into the other, or the lowest number of errors that could have changed one string into the other. large application is in coding theory, more specifically to block codes, in which the equal-length strings are vectors over a finite field. Perfect Codes Perfect Codes refers to those codes that achieve the Hamming bound .A good example include those codes that have just a single codeword, and also those codes that are the whole of . Another perfect example can be illustrated by the repeat codes, where each symbol of the message is duplicated an odd fixed number of times so as to obtain a codeword whereby q = 2. Both of these examples are often referred to as the trivial perfect codes. In the year 1973, it was confirmed that any non-trivial perfect code over a prime-power
Given Transmission Rate from source to Destination ==> 2 MBPS ==> 2*10^6 bits per second
flow between sender and receiver, and perform the overall error control to recover any lost data to protect
Hammurabi’s Code was a set of codes codified by a king of Babylonia, Hammurabi, and they were used to govern Ancient Babylonia. Thousands of years later, Hammurabi’s Code is able to show historians a glimpse of life in Ancient Babylonia. It reveals what society was like in Ancient Babylonia, especially the classism of the social class structure, women’s status and power in society, and the law’s protectiveness of the economy.
From the textbook, we are shown five examples of coding methods, with three explained in deeper detail. They are the Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC), the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), Unicode, International Alphabet 5 (IA5), and International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Each of these coding methods are different, but do have some similarities. ASCII was the standard coding method used due to vendors using it as the bases for their devices for so many years. Unicode is special due to being made as the multilingual coding method. It borrows from other coding methods to generate a code that can be deciphered by most major technology based regions around the world. It uses ASCII as part of its bases, which allows user to translate ASCII based programing code into
When the first dynasty of Babylon raise from the ground, Hammurabi was the sixth King of the dynasty. He was the birth of Babylonian Empire which eventually was sacked by Hittites under Mursilli the first in 1595 BC. Hammurabi was a military leader who sieged/claimed most of the southern Mesopotamian territories. Then eventually took over Uruk, and Isin along the way. One of the many cities Hammurabi conquers was burnt to the ground which was Mari in 1757 BC.
The commands of the code covered everything from property rights to criminal behavior, to slavery and divorce, and promised horrible punishments for all of those who disobeyed. These famous laws helped shape Babylonian life in Hammurabi’s time, but their influence would continue throughout the ancient world for over 1000 years. Hammurabi’s Code is one of the most famous examples of, “an eye for an
King Hammurabi was the king of a city-state called Babylon that lived 4,000 years ago. Hammurabi had ruled for 42 years when he was alive. He wrote this code in a Journal entry form. 3 social classes divided the population. They were Landowners, people who don't own land, and slaves. People may feel that Hammurabi’s code was just, however, I think it isn't just.
Recommendation: To recover data packets lost in transit; the data loss caused by a computer/server crash can be prevented using a solid backup plan. Data files can be replicated over a remote server as well as on different computers on a network.
While checking our all of our co-workers entries would help prevent user errors such as these, it would also cost a lot of time because nurses and doctors are currently entering information into electronic health records. It's hard to say just how much double-checking vs. blind trust we should exercise in day to day operations. I am not very knowledgeable about just how many errors in care can be attributed to information being inserted incorrectly, but perhaps a significant reduction in errors would be worth the time spent. Your post mentions how the FDA is working harder to make EHR technology more user friendly, but from how I view the situation, I believe that the misunderstanding of how the technology
4) Decoding. The receiver must be able to translate the message so they understand its contents or instruction.
Before approaching Claude Shannon’s contribution to Cryptography, one must look at his prior work in particular in the field of information theory, a field he theorized in his 1948 paper A Mathematical Theory of Information. Shannon introduced a lot of the ideas that were mentioned and developed in this revolutionary paper to the scientific community in his 1945 paper entitled A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography.
Objective 3 – A system that can ensure the safety of data from other possible circumstances that may result to corruption and loss of data.
One of the earliest inventions of communication was the electric telegraph invented by Samuel Morse. This device used electrical signals to transmit messages. The telegraph played a significant role in transmitting messages over long spaces. Its usage was in Law enforcement, army and newspapers. Even so, anyone could post messages using a telegram via a service. Today, there are roughly three principal methods of measuring the velocity of data contagion. Baud rate (signaling events per minute), BPS (bits per Sec) and CPS (characters per minute). The fact is, today the baud rate has been substituted with a more precise unit of measurement.
function Catch_Errors() { alert("Errors "); } var University = function(uni_data) { var self = this; this.name = uni_data.name; this.latitude = uni_data.latitude; this.longitude = uni_data.longitude; this.country=""; this.county=""; this.label=""; this.region=""; this.country_a=""; this.country_gid=""; this.visible = ko.observable(true); // That is te Website where I found this Amazing API var URL = "https://search.mapzen.com/v1/search?text=London&api_key=mapzen-QEEQwwX" /* Make the URL for The api of the university */ // example of making api request var university_api_url = "https://search.mapzen.com/v1/search?text=London&api_key="; university_api_url += this.name ; $.ajax({ url:
Digital communication is popular way how many people in the word communicate. Even being one of the most popular modes of communication, digital communication still has many problems. Digital communication is defined as communication that is transfer electrically. Digital technology makes, stores and processes data. This data is transfer into bits. Digital communication is a very broad field. There are different types of noises in communication and digital systems. Noise is “variations that interface with the desired signals and inhibit communication”. Professor Niknejad stated “noise is an ever present part of all systems”. Noise comes from the channels and in the communication equipment (Brown). Most of the noise is consider undesired in most cases (Brown). The noise is usually random (Brown). An example of unwanted noise that humans hear can be sight hissing and humming when having a telephone conversation (Rouse). In digital communication noise cannot be avoided entirely (Brown). Professor Niknejad wrote that “noise degrades the throughput because it requires retransmission of data packets or extra coding to recover the data in the presence of errors”. There are three ways that noise can be reduce in communication and digital systems (Brown). The first way is to reduce the signal bandwidth. Another way is to increase the transmitter power. The final way to reduce noise in communication and digital systems is to use low-noise amplifiers for weak signals.