Microorganism

An investigation was necessary to find the cause of the outbreak, and how to stop it from continuing to spread. The campus clinic was interested in testing the following nine patients: Sue, Jill, Anthony, Wanda, Maggie, Maria, Arnie, Marco, and Alvin. All of the students have similar symptoms and agreed to being tested except for Alvin.

contaminated water or food
17. For each pathway listed in question #16, explain the relationship of the mode of transmission to the virulence of the invader.

1. Understanding epidemiologic concepts of the chain of transmission of organisms from host to victim, describe how EH could have been infected.

The next step of the project included preparing a Gram stain to discover the cell shape, arrangement, and if the bacteria is gram positive or

In this assignment I am going to explain how infections are caused by, bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. I will then explain how pathogenic microorganisms grow and spread.

In my unit 9 assignment I will be looking at and comparing communicable and non-communicable diseases. I will also be looking at two different diseases and the differences between them and their signs and symptoms.

2) Record the shape of the bacteria, the arrangement of the bacteria, and the gram staining characteristics.

Information to get you started is located in the case study section in the back of the book on page 134. Answer the three questions listed on page 135. (The first question begins with 1: Do you think that an infected …).

A communicable disease chain is the mechanism by which an infective agent or pathogen is transmitted. The chain requires an infective agent, a source of infection, a mode of transmission and a host. An example of an infective agent could be bacteria, a virus, fungus, protozoan or helminth. The source of infective agents can be transmission from host to host, an infected human or animal, insects, soil or livestock. The mode of transmission is how the infective agent is carried from host to host. Transmission can be by air, ingestion or physical contact. To complete a life cycle or to replicate, the infective agent requires a host.

The first step in identifying my organism was to put it on a slide, stain it, and look at it under the microscope. I used the gram stain to figure out whether my organism was gram-positive or gram-negative. When I looked into the microscope it was all pink so I determined that it was gram-negative. The organism was bacillus in shape and was single and diplo. Then I determined that I had to focus on tests specific to gram-negative organisms. The tests I chose to perform were: OF glucose test, Citrate test, H2S test, Indole test, Motility test, and Urease test. The OF glucose test concluded that the organism was a fermenter. The citrate, H2S, and Urease tests were all positive. The Indole test was negative. The organism is motile. The unknown organism is Proteus mirabilis.

Haemophilus influenzae, a pleomorphic Gram-negative bacillus found in the human upper respiratory tract, has been associated invasive infections, such as bronchitis, otitis, pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, and epiglottitis(1). Isolates of H. influenzae can be subdivided into two major forms, encapsulated and non-encapsulated that serotype b cause of meningitis, mainly in children below 4 years of age(2). Nontypable H. influenzae (NTHi) usually considered a commensal, is capable of produce infections of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, such as sinusitis, bronchitis acute otitis media, as well as, more infrequently, severe invasive infections such as pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis(3-5).

Biological transmission occurs when the pathogen reproduces within a biological vector that transmits the pathogen from one host to another . Arthropods are the main vectors responsible for biological transmission. For example, hemipterans (called “kissing bugs” or “assassin bugs”) transmit Chagas disease to humans by defecating when they bite, after which the hu-man scratches or rubs the infected feces into a mucous membrane or break in the

Study into this field is crucial for human and animal populations around the world. The importance of studying this organism includes, but is not limited to: developing a technique of how to combat active infections, understanding how the organism penetrates a host’s defenses, and to develop practices that will prevent repetitive infections.

There have been a few studies that have elaborated on such issues such as the spread of disease. In fact comprehension of “infection transmission is of great importance in understanding and predicting the patterns of spread of most infections.” (Sattenspiel and Simon 1987:364). Therefore, this

Bacteria are the smallest and most versatile independent living organism commonly known today. We were able to understand the nature of bacteria being that they are present in most habitats. They live in symbiotic and parasitic environments with plants and animals. Because they are moderately small, examination in the laboratory was necessary in order to observe cell activities, motilities and binary fission. Examination was also useful to observe natural shapes and sizes depending on exposure to heat fixation or chemicals. In nature, bacteria lives in mixed population. Cultivation of bacteria in the laboratory of the populations must be separated so that characteristics of individual species can be observed. They are removed from their natural environments and cultured in the laboratory for bacteria growth on artificial media and surfaces. We are then able to isolate a pure culture of one type of bacteria and use aseptic techniques and ways to store pure cultures. This semester in Microbiology 120, we were able to work with an unknown organism and understand the isolation of an environmental sample. It started out as a swab on a surface of the student’s choice and placed on a slant agar to grow. After a few weeks we were able to see growth on the agar.