Modern Chinese International Relations and Its Effects on the Chinese Economy
Introduction
In 2013, referencing the previous year, the U.S. Commerce Department released import and export figures totaling 3.82 trillion USD, while China’s customs administration released figures amounting to 3.87 trillion, making China the world’s largest trading economy (Bloomberg News 2013). This news signifies that China’s trading policy and partners must be a major target of scrutiny with newfound importance. In this paper, I will discuss the history of Chinese trade policy, what constitutes Chinese trade policy, namely China’s use of free trade agreements (FTAs) and treaties, who China’s major trading partners are and relations with each one, and how
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Based upon Chinese trade history, one can extrapolate the China was averse to trade for a long period due to past experiences of exploitation, but once it rediscovered the benefits of trade, it decided to leverage its population base, geographic size, and resources to dominate trade. Furthermore, China joined numerous international economic organizations including the World Bank, IMF, the GATT, the Multi-Fiber Agreement, etc. in the mid-1980s. By becoming more open to trade, China was more open to foreign capital, allocating it the funds to grow as a trading entity. Thus, due to lack of choice and by overcoming an aversion to foreigners, caused in no small part to a horrible history of opium addiction and massacres, China was able to become a massive trading country.
Who’s Who? After China joined the World Trade Organization, it realized it was unable to accomplish its trade goals of recognition of a market economy status and preferential access to regional factors of production using traditional multilateral routes, for these goals are not in spirit with multilateral treaties and instead decided to achieve such goals with bilateral agreements (Mallon and Whalley 2004). Multilateral treaties, by nature often restrain member nations, guaranteeing that one nation does not
China’s economical strength comes from its international trades as the economy has grown to a rate of 10.3% in 2010. It has become the world’s largest exporter in the global economy. In the
In our quickly expanding global economy, how states execute trade is more important than ever. Global organizations like the International Monetary Fund are established to help the states trade and regulate trade currencies. These global organizations are not always efficient, and can lead to imbalances in trade currency. “For more than a decade, the U.S. and other countries castigated China for its currency policy, saying the yuan’s level gave the country’s exporters an unfair advantage at the expense of its trading partners (Talley 1).” Since free trade always seems to result in trade deficits that are detrimental to the United States, the discussion should center on correcting the trade imbalance in an effort to have these free trade treaties fairer for all sides by imposing tariffs on China.
Overall, the Chinese were though at one hand encouraged the trade, but at certain points became skeptical. They came to a conclusion that trade will inspire other business to come and exchange the commodities. To them, this posed a threat to their security and identity. The Chinese saw it a threat and therefore was never
China, the second leading exporter in the world, is known for their immense role in the United States economy. Without China’s contribution to the U.S. economy, the United States would suffers tremendously. This is the same case for China, the contributions from foreign companies is a big reasons for China's success. The relationship between these two superpowers were not always very strong. For years the United States trade system was not a very compelling situation for other countries to do trade. As the United States evolved into the superpower country they faced a lot of complications. For the United States of America to remain one of the world’s most powerful countries a strong relationship with China is a necessity. The continuation of
2016 is a very sensitive year for China and U.S. relationship. Should China and the United States cooperation or friction became a really important question between the two biggest economic countries in the global market, China is a newly growth young age economic developing country, and the U.S. as the head of the global market for years, two of them check and balance each other, but actually they should be work more compactness. The United States had been interested in China since 1784, at the end of World war II America “kept China from fragmenting and limited foreign exploitation.” (heritage.org), American and China had an intricacy history which also is a key point of the relationship between this two country. (heritage.org), As the presidential election underway, China’s relationship with America because a campaign issue for decades, both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton indicate their point of view between the relationship with China, Donald Trump now as the newly president of the U.S. who will take over the office on Jan 20 of 2017, some of his positons on the future trades’ plan with China will significantly affect the relationship with China. (uschina). According large among of research, easily shows that China and the U.S. owns many factories and power on the global effect. They both are the permanent member of the United Nations which row a higher level of stands at the United Nations.
Some major trade policies have negatively impacted the trade patterns of the two countries in a way that in spite of their growing ties, the bilateral trade relationship is often laden with complexities. According to U.S., China’s unfinished ‘transition to a free market economy’ is the root cause for many trade tensions. While China has liberalized its trade governance over the last thirty years, it continues to maintain
We will begin our analysis of these questions by examining China’s economy at the time of Deng Xiaoping’s accession to power in 1978 and the economic growth strategy he and his successor implemented which ultimately led China to ascension into the WTO. We will then review various conditions imposed upon China by the WTO and how China reacted to those changes and to what extent these lead to China’s current status and interaction
China’s Indo-Pacific neighbors, notably Japan, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, India and Australia, seem nervous about China’s rapidly rising military threat strength and aggressive stance in foreign policy. Is China perceived as a military threat by these states? What measures have these states taken or are contemplating to deal with the Chinese threat?
Moreover, nowadays, China is a cross trade place where all countries come in order to do business. It’s today a central point for the manufacturing and the trading thanks to the work and the financial power of this country.
In the 1990s during Bill Clintons presidency there was heavy tension between the state of China and their disputed territory of Taiwan (Russell 1). The dispute came about because China felt the island should be a part of China and not separate. However, Taiwan was looking for independence (Russell 4). It an attempt to get people on the side of Taiwanese independence their president, Lee Teng-hui fought to get a visa and eventually came to the United States for a gathering at Cornell University, where he attended college. This visit led to resentment from China (Russell 1). The United States got involved in the China- Taiwan issue by using their military to provide stability in the region between China and Taiwan (Russell 8).
The importance of open trade is usually defined by the greater or lesser levels of international cooperation between different regions of the world. In China, the continual struggle for
Globalisation is the process of the world becoming increasingly integrated economically. China has implemented several strategies to promote economic growth and development in response to globalisation which are Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), the ‘open door policy’ and the liberalisation of capital accounts. Free Trade Agreements through trade of goods and services, the ‘open door policy’ by encourage investment from Transnational Corporation (TNCs) and Capital Account Liberalisation has been implemented to promote economic growth and development These three strategies have resulted in positive and negative influences on China’s promotion of economic growth and development in response to globalisation.
The paper attempts to offer a comprehensive review and assessment of China’s trade development strategy and trade policy reforms since China initiated its domestic economic reform and open-door policy, and also to analyze the prospect of future reforms, including some challenges that China would need to address in the context of a changing global business environment.
Thomas Schuster Ningbo University International Trade WS 2013 / 2014 1-13 Exports as a Percentage of Chinese National Income Exports / GDP in % 45 40 35 30 25 20 2004 2006 2008 2010 Source: OECD 2013 Dr. Thomas Schuster Ningbo University International Trade WS 2013 / 2014 1-14 Imports as a Percentage of Chinese National Income Imports / GDP in % 35 30 25 20 2004 2006 2008 2010 Source: OECD 2013 Dr. Thomas Schuster Ningbo University International Trade WS 2013 / 2014 1-15 Chines Exports to Selected Regions as Percentage of GDP Source: OECD 2013 Dr. Thomas Schuster Ningbo University International Trade WS 2013 / 2014 1-16 Chines Imports from Selected Regions as Percentage of GDP Source: OECD 2013 Dr. Thomas Schuster Ningbo University International Trade WS 2013 / 2014 1-17 Growth in Chinese Exports less Growth in World Markets 2000-2012 Source: OECD 2013 Dr. Thomas Schuster Ningbo University International Trade WS 2013 / 2014 1-18 Current Account Balance of Payments as Percentage of GDP Balance of Payments / GDP in % 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 2004 2006 2008 Source: OECD 2013 Dr. Thomas Schuster Ningbo University International Trade WS 2013 / 2014 1-19 The Gravity Model Three of the top ten trading partners with the U.S. in 2008 were also the 3 largest European economies:
This essay will report the finding of China and their evolution through trade liberalization. We will also examine whether globalization has been beneficial to their economy versus smaller sectors. Lastly we will look at one of the three theories of international trade learned in class to help further understand how globalization is beneficial in the example of China. International economics is extremely important because many countries typically cannot produce everything they consume. China has been one of the major players in the international trade market. We will discuss their economy and how they interact with other highly develop countries to ultimately be more globalized. “Since 1978, China’s foreign trade soar from