Thesis: The policies instituted under the rule of the Bourbons heightened social tensions between the creoles and pennisulares, and when combined with enlightenment ideas from Europe led to South American Independence led by revolutionary leader Simon Bolivar. I. Introduction: Social Hierarchy that laid the ground for revolution. A. Social hierarchy based on origin and blood. 1. Peninsulares, Creoles , and Mestizos . B. Hierarchy system was very complex. 1. Hard for people to mobilize…

Jonathan Timothy Su Professor Patricio Navia Latin American Cultures, Sect. 001 20 October 2014 Latin American Cultures Midterm Section 1 – Question 1 Throughout the pre-Columbus era in Latin America, The Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas built unique civilizations, each with its own distinctive achievements, creating distinctive cultures to unite their individual societies. The Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas not only shared many similarities in the ways they built their civilizations, but also had differing…

During the 18th and 19th century, from 1776 to 1804, two nations were fighting for their independence. Latin America and America wanted to free themselves from their mother colonies that were dominating them. They had independence movements in which they fought for their freedom. The American Revolution and the Latin American Revolution were similar because they had similar motivations for the causes of their movements. Both of the nations were inspired by ideas of the Enlightenment such as natural…

Latin America in the 1820’s The independence, nation building, and the economy were three major settings during Latin America in the 1820’s. During this time Latin America was faced with the chance of change. Traditional Monarchical structure was merged into the Portuguese and Spanish colonial empires. The way that theses territories responded to change was distinctive to the region. Creole Cities in the eighteenth century were being affected by ideas from the new political ideals and the Enlightenment…

Latin American Independence Latin American Independence was the drive for independence from Spain and France by the Latin American people. There were many contributing factors that ultimately led to the uprising of Latin American colonies. Europe's strong hold on the economic and political life of Latin America, was creating friction between the Latin Colonies and the European nations. Eventually, this would become enough for the Latin American people and the drive for independence from…

Draft One of Term Paper on: Simon Bolivar IBH History of the Americas Simon Bolivar does not deserve the title of “Liberator of Latin America.” Latin America as we know it today has undergone many changes throughout history. The beginning for this time of change was 1808. Spain, the country most widely responsible for the colonization of Latin America, was in trouble with France’s master of conquest, Napoleon Bonaparte. Napolien overthrew the King of Spain and replaced him with…

The Independence of Latin America The Independence of Latin America was a process caused by years of injustices, discriminations, and abuse, from the Spanish Crown upon the inhabitants of Latin America. Since the beginning the Spanish Crown used the Americas as a way to gain riches and become greater in power internationally. Three of the distinct causes leading Latin America to seek independence from Spain, were that Spain was restricting Latin America from financial growth, (this…

In the 1920s and 1930s intellectuals and statesmen in Latin America began to adopt ideologies of race mixture in an effort to advance nation-building projects based on notions of inclusion and racial equality. These notions which where said to promote racial inclusivity included mestizaje. The ideology of mestizaje often times enabled exclusion through racial terms and marginalization. In order to grasp how such an ideology has created a paradoxical and contradictory outcome politically, economically…

Neoliberalism gained prominence in Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s, and was organised around promoting laissez-faire principles of the free market (Harvey, 2005, pp.7). In Venezuela, neoliberal supporters Carlos Andrés Pérez and Rafael Caldera implemented widespread privatisation and deregulation, notably of the hydrocarbon industry (Ellner, 2008, pp.92), plus eroded the welfare state and social services (Meltzer, 2009, pp.90), resulting in a socio-economic crisis leaving 54% of Venezuelans…

Latin America consists of Spanish and Portuguese speaking regions of the southern United States, composed of many different countries, each with their own heritage. However, one thing that relates among these countries, is their music. Over centuries, Latin American Music has been molded and transformed by the European, African, and indigenous people of the region. From the beginning, the music has had “distinctive tonal and rhythmic quality that derives” from each of these groups (Morales). From…