Motivation And Theory Of Motivation

Motivation is a key driving force in most human beings and lies hidden to be discovered

Motivation is a main point in which I am interested and in order to understand more about the topic I have based my review in 2 different sources: Forbes article “Motivation Mystery: How to Keep Employees Productive” and Daniel Pink Ted Talk “The Puzzle of Motivation”.

The article “The Secret of Effective Motivation” by Amy Wrzesniewski and Barry Schwartz, appeared in Sunday Review on July 4, 2014. The article introduces different types of motives and examines their effectiveness with the help of real life social experiments. The differences between two main types of motives: internal and instrumental, are introduced in the first part of the article. Although, many people think that both internal and instrumental motives are good in engaging some kind of activity, authors argue that instrumental motives are not so useful and sometimes can be counterproductive for success. Authors develop their argument by analyzing the results

Psychologists who have researched the topic of motivational concepts conclude that there are four theories of motivation. They are the instinct theory, the drive-reduction theory, the arousal theory, and the Maslow hierarchy of needs theory. This experiment is a research that the psychologist could take part in by examining their behavior patterns as they too are a part of the human factor.

“Motivation is the will and desire that a person has to engage in a particular behaviour or perform a particular task” (Lawley & King, P269). In life motivation will be needed to enhance the workforce in various ways, many organisations will use motivation to increase the percentage yield of an individual or to make an individual feel a part of the business or organisation. Incentives have a huge influence on behaviourist & extrinsic approach. In addition other aspects; humanist theorist, intrinsic approach, Taylorism and Fordism have a part in perception of motivation.

‘Motivation’ is derived from the Latin term ‘movere’ that means ‘to move’. Thus, motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological deficiency or need that activates a behaviour or a drive that is aimed at a goal or incentive (Luthans). Broadly speaking, motivation is willingness to exert high levels of efforts towards organizational goals, conditioned by the efforts’ ability to satisfy some individual needs (Robbins). Need means some internal state that make certain outcomes appear attractive. An unsatisfied need creates tension that stimulates drives within the individual. These drives generate a search behaviour to find particular goals, that if attained,

This essay will begin first of all by defining “Motivation” as a business concept and then go on to present one process and content theory each before finally comparing them both.

Porter and miles (1974) proved that the motivation energises, directs and sustains behaviour. They also identified four factor/variables namely individual characteristics, job characteristics, work environment and the external environment. If motivation is to be affected, one or more of these variables must be changed or affected.

When we see a person acting in an abnormal way, we cannot help but think “why are they doing that?” We form judgements about people and question the reasoning behind their actions in an attempt to better understand their situation. This ability to understand intentions plays an important role in today’s society, allowing us to relate to one another and form deep connections through picturing ourselves in that same position. Nevertheless, there are times when we are unable to relate, and unable to understand why someone chooses to act in a certain way, say a certain thing, or be a certain type of person. This desire – this motivation to do something – has been felt by each and every human being

Motivation is discussed widely from different people especially in twenty century, because every organization wants to increase their profit and want to become famous in the world and try hard to satisfy their customers. Those organizations how want to increase customer satisfaction and to achieve their goals they send their employees to different seminars, for holidays and training because employees are the main profit of an organization. Some people said employees are not only the assets of an organization they are essential subscriber and effective factors for business production. Employees are not only motivated by money this concept is wrong motivation come from different approach by work levels, from senior to junior levels, in workplace. Motivation depend on manager it is the

Motivation and theories -------------------------- 2.1. Definition and theory framework ------------------------------------ Motivation can be described as the driving force of individual behaviour to fulfill needs or achieve goals. Mitchell defines motivation as 'the degree to which an individual wants and chooses to engage in certain specified behaviours' (Mullins 2002:418). In terms of this definition, various theories have been developed around.

Motivation refers to the reasons that we act towards a goal. Psychologists reason that motivation can only be understood through behavior. Psychologists have created theories to try to understand and explain behavior.

One of the first authors that dealt with the sources of motivation was Frederick Taylor who focussed on the overall productivity of an organisation. He linked this productivity to the effort an employee puts into their work which in turn is dependent on monetary rewards (Taylor, 1911). This theory was established in the context of the industrial age and thus is outdated for today’s analysis but it still provides a basic assumption which is often referred to by other authors. The total neglecting of a worker’s intrinsic motivators is a starting point for discussion for authors that conducted research in that area after Taylor.

Motivation is the capability to change behavior. Motivation is a drive that holds one to act because human behavior is directed toward some goal. Motivation is a personal act. It is therefore about people's expectations and their needs, goals, behaviors, giving information about their performances. Therefore, in order to fully comprehend the motivation process, it is necessary to examine such factors as the reasons for compelling people to behave in a certain way, the personal goals and the possibilities of maintaining their behavior. (The content theories deal with “what” motivates people, whereas the process theories deal with, “How” motivation occurs. )

Motivation is derived from motive which means an idea, emotion or need that prompt a man into action. In practical, the different motives operate among different people at different times and influence their behavior. The motivation process involves the study that motives the individual which cause different kind of behavior. Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological deficiency or need that activates behavior or a drive that is aimed at a goal or ‘incentive’. It means relationship among need. A motive is an inner state that energizes, activates or moves and directs or channels behavior toward goals.