The Rhetoric of (Failed?) Multiculturalism as Basis for Varied Ethno-Racial Projects:
The United States and Germany in Comparison
Emerging during the post-WWII reality of the United States, the term “multiculturalism” has long been embedded into the fabric of American understandings of race and ethnicity. Despite recent efforts to move ‘beyond multiculturalism’, this word and the color-blind ideology supporting it will continue to shape the trajectory of attitudes, policies and activism in the United States. Similarly, multiculturalism in Germany—which was adopted from US-American concepts to address Germany’s own unique post-WWII large-scale—will continue to shape the trajectory of group relations in Germany. As such, this paper focuses on a comparative perspective between Germany and the United States and their respective perceived need for and utilization of the rhetoric of multiculturalism(s). What can we come to understand about multiculturalism in two cases of Germany and the United State? By building off existing sociological perspectives on each case individually and existing academic comparisons, it will become clear, that while distinctively a “(ethno)racial project:” (Omi and Winant) and perhaps as an ethno(racial) project, multiculturalism is used in both countries differently: in the US it is supposed to be answer to the race problem in an ironically “color-blind” society that increases the attention on ethnic and most importantly racial differences; in
The Pluralist Model is quite different yet similar to the Two-tiered pluralist model. They both acknowledge the reality of differential power amongst groups. The Pluralist Model masks it as competition while the Two-tiered model explains it as being disadvantaged due to race, color, sex or religion. However, when minorities are integrated in institutions they were once physically blocked off from, the unrealistic “if-then” relation that the Pluralist Model generates becomes more viable and realistic. In contemporary America, the model that offers the most realistic and richest theoretical foundation in
Despite the all evidences that politics is allowing all kind of cultural diversity to grow within same territory. Those countries which have different cultures are trying to make their state a multicultural state in order to live with peace, for growth and development. This paper discusses about the past present and future of multiculturalism. Cultural diversity from very beginning was existing in different nation There are Jews in Germany, Poles in Ireland, Asians in Canada and so on but the level at which Multiculturalism have reached today became a political issue for those countries which have cultural diversities. People of different cultural diversity are enjoying the same rights and people are practicing different cultures as and extended form of their liberty. People have the freedom to do whatever they want but with in the framework of laws.So the people are exercising the libety of practicing their own culture.There is a discussion about remarkable history of multiculturalism, present position of multiculturalism and the future of multiculturalism. There is advancement is polity for a better sustainment of a country with diversity in culture of people. This popular master narrative is too quick to herald the death of multiculturalism, and mischaracterizes the nature of the experiments undertaken, exaggerates the extent to which they have been abandoned, and misidentifies not only the limitations encountered but also the options for addressing these
In the world of sociology, the theory of racialization is a widely known and occasionally frustrating topic. However, two sociologists have successfully been able to define and break down the essential information behind this theory. Within their own writing, Michael Omi and Howard Winant (1986) define racial formation as,” the process by which social, economic, and political forces determine the content and importance of racial categories” (Omi and Winant 16). In essence, this theory frames the very meaning of “race” itself. The stereotypes of race are rooted deep within the contexts of history, allowing these concepts to be subject to gradual change over time. In addition to the original standards of racial formations, there have been other writings that parallel very closely to the ideas set forth by Omi and Winant. Richard Wright, Pem D. Buck, and Karen Brodkin are three notable authors that have excellently highlighted the concepts set forth by Omi and Winant.
The fight to eliminate prejudice in both the German and American workplace has made great strides through decades of activism and legislation but, we can still witness or experience prejudice today. Prejudice can take on many forms whether it's built around race, sexual orientation, religion, culture, gender, or age. Castles and Kosack’s Prejudice, Race, and Class interpret three different principles of prejudice against immigrants: the cause, high rate among the working class, and the three distinct functions.
Since the beginning of time, individuals have been discriminated against based on their religion, culture, race, and sexual orientation. The article “How Did Jews Become White Folks?” by Karen B. Brodkin highlighted the struggles that European immigrants, Jews, and African Americans faced in the United States pre and post World War II. In her article Brodkin focused on the idea of “whiteness” in America, and how the word has evolved over time to include a variety of ethnicities.
Throughout the history of the United States, it is true that a popular opinion amongst citizens has had an ability to impact the country as a whole. While some were in favor of the country becoming a “melting pot”, others strongly believed in restricting immigration into the country and hindering equality amongst the different races already there. In addition, the idea that foreigners were uncultured savages who needed help civilizing themselves seemed to dominate public opinion, leading to a negative view of potential diversity. These situations can be seen in the decades between 1880 and the First World War, illustrating how ideas and actions based upon racist ideologies influence both domestic and foreign affairs in the nation. After
Since the start of time, there has been individuals in society that have been discriminated against based on their religion, culture, race, and sexual orientation. The article “How Did Jews Become White Folks?” by Karen B. Brodkin highlighted the struggles that European immigrants, Jews, and African American faced in the United States pre and post World War two. Brodkin focused in on the idea of “whiteness” in America, and how the word has evolved overtime to include a variety of ethnicities.
Eric Holder’s way of pointing out the natural search of race and affiliation, is relevant for the society’s development. I agree on Yolanda Yong’s view on the positive development in the American society, because the line between white and black has moved significantly through the past fifty years. But I also agree on the hidden patterns in the society and I think there is more to it, than just outlook and work partners as Eric Holder presents. Especially in today’s late modern society, affiliation and identity is keywords. It can therefor be hard to meld races permanently and ideal together. But on the other hand I do not agree on his statement of historical realization as the main key to equality. I agree in Walter Backstrom’s statement that
It is in this context of “new” immigration and the upheaval of the Civil Rights movement that multiculturalism was chosen as the concept that addressed present and provided for past shifts in the racial and ethnic makeup of the United States. Faced with groups who did not fit into (the recently challenged) white/black racial hierarchy but were deemed as distinct from that of (white) US-American culture, those “natives” of the United States needed to find a new rhetoric and ideology that could represent the “new” reality of the United States. In addition, many of those arriving in the U.S. did not speak the same ‘racial language’ as U.S. Americans—i.e. they did not understand their personal identities within the framework of U.S. racial relations.
Much like that of color-blind policies touted by Omi and Winant as an exemplary racial project and which provides the backdrop for multicultural rhetoric (Omi and Winant 1994L 55-56), official multiculturalism (and other forms of it) in the United States works to interpret, represent or explain the racial dynamics in the United States. But rather than focusing on quintessential ideologies for race by attempting to reorganize and redistribute resources along particular old racial lines, multiculturalism in the most basic form focuses on reorganizing and redistributing resources along
Based on our reading for this chapter, as well as the preexisting knowledge I had of these terms from other courses I have taken, these are the definitions I constructed for social construction, multiculturalism, and social identity. A social construction can be described as parameter or boundaries for a group, based on ethics and values. Social constructions are generally dictated by people in society that possess more power than most. Multiculturalism is the awareness, recognition, and support of diversities within culture. Social identity is a person’s construction of who they are, based on what groups in society they affiliate with/ belong to. After defining theses terms, I think it is interesting to see how the compare and correlate.
America can come together as one with no issues of race, or prejudice when our country faces a crisis. Daily the reality is that the American society is a blend of ethnic, racial, religious, and cultural influences. With dramatic social changes, we have begun to see these influences gain strength with civil rights movement of the twentieth century and the emergence of information age in the late twentieth century (Schmalleger, Donaldson, Kashwahara, & Koppel, 2018). The dramatic results of this change have given the American society awareness of realized and potential contributions of the diverse elements. Multiculturalism has been defined as the existence within one society of diverse groups that maintain unique cultural identities while
Human history is riddled with clashes of race, religion and ideologies which have lead us to where we are today. While the world moves to a more progressive stage, it still drag along the undying fire that is racism and inequality. For a very long time the United States made it hard for minorities such as African Americans and neutralized immigrants to vote, only because they prioritized white US born than others. In other Cases, such as in Germany, many civilians find themselves in an inner struggle to find a middle ground about their Refugee crises. Germany has spent the last seventy years repenting for their war crimes and have now taken in refugees from war torn syria, many civilians are outraged as foreign nationalism come in and claim
During WWII, America fought against the holocaust that was occurring in Germany and was spreading to the rest of Europe. The people of America realized they were fighting against the idea that the Aryan race is superior to other races. We fighting against Nazi’s while we were sailing to America with one ship for whites only and another for all other minorities, This is what made America’s people and government realize that they were hypocrites and what they were doing in their own country is what they fighting against in Germany. “Nazism reflected the wrongheaded and dangerous thinking that “the shape of your nose or the color of your skin” had something “to do with human values and culture.” A year later, in The Races of Mankind, Ruth Benedict denounced racism as unscientific”. (A Different Mirror, 339) The returning veterans and women shaped postwar discussion regarding an inclusive democracy by having a variety of powerful movements. The Civil Rights movement was one of them. This is
While completing coursework at CSUMB for the Liberal Studies program, the researcher was inspired by its classes to be a Diversity and Multicultural Scholar and a Social Justice Collaborator. By evaluating their own and others’ experiences as influenced by social identities, socialization practices, and societal institutions from both historical and contemporary perspectives it helped the researcher open their eyes in how they want to be in their classroom as an educator. In the researchers LS 380: Teaching for Social Change, LS 394: Multicultural literature , and LS 398: Social Foundations of Multicultural Education classes, the researcher critically examined the value of diversity and multiculturalism which interested her in the teaching