Naegleria Fowleri and Solid Organ Transplantation

The next step of the project included preparing a Gram stain to discover the cell shape, arrangement, and if the bacteria is gram positive or

Florida Hospital for Children in Orlando said that Sebastian DeLeon who is 16 survived a rare brain-eating amoeba that he obtained when he swam on private property in Broward County earlier in August. Dr. Humberto Antonio Liriano, who is a critical care physician said that Sebastian is doing really well especially since he’s the fourth person in the United States to survive the Naegleria fowleri parasite. So all in all he’s doing much better than most people who die after 12 or 13 days due to the infection/parasite. The only way the brain eating amoeba can infect you is when it forcible goes up your nose leading directly to your brain. After Dr. Dennis Hernandez who was the ER doctor on duty identified symptoms of meningitis, he did a lumbar

Stage 3- During stage 2 the sore tends to get worse and extends into the tissue beneath the skin that forms a small crater.

Stage: stage is the essential part of the microscope. Its have the flat surface used to keep the slides with sample/ object.

These are usually formed by loose fibrous tissue and are usually found on there own but can appear in clusters.

spores that are inhaled. The spores make their way to the lungs and adhere to

In Orlando, Florida an eleven year old boy was feeling dizzy and falling over. A parent brought him to the hospital and was deteriorating from his condition. Meanwhile, the doctors couldn't pinpoint the causes and the boy couldn't recognize his own parents. Soon after the CT scan, results showed swelling in the brain. Afterward, he examines the spinal fluid and the lab technician notices the amoeba. The boy was diagnosis with Naegleria Fowler known as the brain eating amoeba causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Before long, the amoeba hijacks the body and uses the brain for shelter. The amoeba feeds by attacking the cells and eating the fluids inside. Although, the white blood cells try to attack the amoeba. They defend themselves

However, it has been estimated that there are 5 million new cases in the United States each year, which is more than the sum of all cases of Chlamydia and gonococcal infections. The World Health Organization estimates that there is incidence of 173 million new infections of Trichomoniasis worldwide per year. This is also known as Trichomonas vaginitis. It is caused by the sexually transmitted, flagellated parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis. The transmission rate is high; 70% of men contract the disease after a single exposure to an infected woman, which suggests that the rate of male-to-female transmission is even higher. The parasite, which exists only in trophozoite form, is an anaerobe that has the ability to generate hydrogen to combine with oxygen to create an anaerobic environment. It often accompanies bacterial vaginosis, which can be diagnosed in as many as 60% of patients with Trichomonas vaginitis (Cates, Jr.,

It is widely accepted and known that the parasite causes abnormal responses within the body leading to cases of diarrhea (Adam, 1991). A simple explanation of diarrhea is the loose and foul-smelling bowel movements, including actual excretion (Adam, 1991). Diarrhea can begin once the giardia cyst(s) is ingested into the human body and travels through the digestive tract and reproduces in the small intestine (Adam, 1991; Gillin and Reiner, 1996). However, the estimated number of giardia cysts needed to be ingested to result in diarrhea is 10 cysts and the symptoms typically occur 6 to 15 days after initial ingestion, making it extremely difficult to determine the form(s) of transfer mechanisms involved (Ankarklev et al., 2010). The time lapse is needed to allow for cyst and trophozoite reproduction and growth (excystation) to overwhelm the body and cause the diarrhea (Ankarklev et al., 2010). In addition, the host cannot become immune to the giardia parasite and therefore infections can occur regardless of previous exposure (Adam,

Just this Sunday, fourteen-year-old Michael John Riley Jr. passed away from a brain-eating amoeba. Riley came into contact with the amoeba while swimming in Sam Houston State Park, and within days, he began having severe headaches. The headaches eventually worsened, and he was left with no brain function until his death on August 30. The amoeba Michael encountered was Naegleria fowleri, a single-celled organism that causes the brain infection primary amebic meningoencephalitis or PAM. The amoeba is usually found in warm, fresh water sources such as lakes, rivers and ponds, and while it is very rare (only 133 cases have been reported in the last 53 years) it often tends to be very fatal (only 3 people have survived the 133 cases). The CDC

Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan infection commonly known as Amebiasis. It is usually spread in the fecal-oral route that is problematic in countries with poor sanitation and hygiene. The protozoan exists as a cyst and then bursts in the colon when it enters the body. It can then spread to the liver or other organs.

If amebae get into the soil or water, they can contaminate food grown in the soil. This often happens in areas where human waste is used as a fertilizer. The organisms can then get into your digestive system when you eat food or drink water contaminated with parasites.

Step two, the protozoan’s that are exposed to the open wound are then engulfed by macrophages. Step three, the promastigotes flagellate stage transfers into a tissue stage known as, amastigotes. Amastigotes are distinguished as a developed protozoan because it has no visible external flagella or cilia. Step four, the amastigotes then multiply by cell division and continue to infect other cells. Step five, another bite from another sand fly occurs, now this sand fly injects macrophages infected with amastigotes. Step six, is the step of ingestion of the parasitized cell. Step seven, amastigotes transform to promastigotes stage in mid gut, meaning they increase in size and develop a long flagella to swim and infect throughout the human body. Step eight, is the division of mid gut to proboscis, in other words the transformation of a protozoan to a sucking organ of insects inside the body (CDC 2014).

When cysts enter the body, they hunt in the digestive tract. They then release an invasive form of the parasite called a trophozoite. The

The eosinophilic meningitis may be a reaction to an inflammatory processes caused usually by Angiostrongylus, Toxocara, Schistosoma, Gnathostoma and Cysticercus. About the eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angyostrongylus cantonensis; Morassutti et al. (2014) have reported that it is an emerging disease in Brazil and highlighted the importance of compile information on various aspects of human infection and the transmission mode in health centers operating [2].