Nanotechnology And Its Effects On The Field Of Drug Delivery And Tissue Engineering

Since last two decades, several versatile drug delivery systems, including liposomes [24], block co-polymers [25], dendrimers [26], inorganic nanomaterials [27], proteins [28] as well as self-assembling small molecules [29] have been extensively studied and developed. Particularly, great interest has been focused on the self-assembling peptides as drug delivery vehicles, because of their good biocompatibility, flexible design, simple synthetic steps as well as facile modification and functionalization [30, 31]. Generally, the self-assembled peptides’ nanoparticles can spontaneously form in aqueous solution or triggered by pH [32], ionic strength [33], enzyme [34, 35] or light [36, 37], temperature [38, 39], driving by non-covalent interactions,

Nanomedicine has been tested to try and fight cancer cells and destroy them by the University of California, Los Angeles(UCLA). The nanomedicine has improved unmodified medicine including targeting efficiency. Nanomedicine delivers a “Double whammy” as it is put by UCLA. Nanomedicine has the strength to possibly overcome some of the most severe diseases especially cancer because once cancer is able to be extinguished the human race could become nearly invulnerable. Cancer is one of the most severe cases of a disease. Cancer could kill thousands and diagnose way more people.

The technologic progress during the Industrial Revolution enhanced quality of life but also resulted in a human health burden. As in the case of asbestos with its decades of long latency that still remain, there are many legitimate concerns about the unknown human health consequences of nanomaterials. Nanotechnology, now at the leading edge of rapid development with many potential human health benefits, is perceived with apprehension for potential human health risks. Enhanced strength, durability, flexibility, performance, and inimitable physical properties associated with these materials has been exploited in a multitude of industries and treatment modalities including detection of tumors, targeted drug delivery, and prognostic visual monitoring

In this study, published in the scientific journal Advanced Materials, Quanyin Hu has created a better way to administer doxorubicin and TRAIL, two anticancer drugs. By using platelets, part of the blood that aids in clotting, to mask the foreign drugs from the body's defense system, these bioengineers caused the drugs to stay in the body for a longer amount of time when compared to the amount of time non-platelet covered anticancer drugs stayed in the body. The results of this experiment showed that platelet covered anticancer drugs stayed in the body longer than the same anticancer drugs surrounded by a nano-gel system. In this experiment, the dependent variable was the amount of time the anticancer drugs stayed in the body of a mouse.

Over the years of human existence, it was proven that superior technology, especially within the military, dictated the strength of a civilization. Modern warfare was again advanced with technology from the industrial age of the Great War. Society, again, has reached a new age of warfare with nanotechnology. Nanotechnology and nanoscience is the manipulation of matter at the atomic and subatomic level. Many uses are brought with nanotechnology, such through medicine and manufacturing because of the ability to alter matter. This ability has also opened the gate toward military technology. Research has begun to create an advanced “super soldier”: A soldier who has been enhanced through technology, making them superior on the battlefield. Nanotechnology has also help to enhance reconnaissance and medical-aid on the battlefield. Even though advancements within military technology could help a nation gain an advantage over another with fewer casualties and faster victories, ethics on the use of these technologies have to be questioned; Is security more important than privacy? What happens if the enemies obtain these weapons? Or, is it safe for humans to use? Nanotechnology brings a

In this study,the success of siRNA-based gene theraphy in vitro is doubled by in-vivo studies.However,some researchers performing siRNA delivery in vivo in mice introduce naked siRNA by high-pressure tail injections [1]. High-pressure injections, however, would be fatal for humans and are not a realistic in vivo method of naked siRNA delivery [2].I would like to know if this gold nanoparticle conjugates might be same affect on human.Because of that,I suggest that gold particles should be tracked via MRI imaging after systemic injection to evaluate targeting or manipulated to target

While chemotherapy and nanotechnology are both being utilized to treat cancer, they differentiate in the targeting procedure. Chemotherapy is a type of treatment for cancerous cells by cytotoxic drugs. Patients either receive monotherapy or combination therapy. The administration of these drugs can be orally or intravenously depending on the origin of the cancer. These chemotherapeutic agents work by interfering with the cell's genetic material, blocking the beneficial nutrients from the cell, triggering apoptosis and stopping the growth of blood vessels that supply the tumor. As a result, the increasingly divided cells are destroyed which leads to the disintegration of healthy cells alongside the cancer cells. Examples of healthy

The ongoing nanoparticle systems have provided a semi-solid foundation in mitigating tumours but further arenas are being explored in cancer therapeutics so as to enhance the drug delivery process. The researchers have suggested and made use of nanoparticles in the size range of 1 -100 nm. Nanoparticles are known to elicit a

Aim 1: Formulate and optimize fluorescently-coated SPIO nanoparticles for cellular uptake by rMSCs. Fluorescently-coated SPIO nanoparticles will be formulated by an existing water-in-oil reverse micelle method protocol [7]. The

This technology gives the new directions in research, patenting, education and also in technology transfer related to different field. Out of different field one area is ‘naomedicine drug delivery’ in which the development is progressing more rapidly. This sector belongs to the application of nanotechnology to drug delivery. In this sector hundreds of products related to nanotechnology based are available in the market and more products will be come in next decade

One of the most advanced applications of QD’s is its use in drug and gene delivery, methods like polymer and liposome based drug deliveries. Polymer based delivery is the use of a natural polymer that is known to be or have antiviral or antitumor characteristics, these are referred to a PEG. PEG is known for there high-water solubility and biocompatibility, these PEG’s are attached to drugs to increase their solubility, increase drug uptake by cells and decrease their renal clearance of the drug. The PEG’s ability to do this prolongs the half life of a drug and reduces dosing frequency. Liposome based drug delivery, is the formation of vesicles where an amount of fluid is trapped inside a Nano-phospholipid molecule. Vesicles can range in size from tens of nanometers to thousands of nanometres (Torchilin and Weissig 2003). Liposome and polymer delivery methods are being used to treat cancer, Paclitaxel is an anti-cancer drug that had to be administered with a verity of other drugs due to its side effects. In 2005, it was improved and a form of Paclitaxel was loaded within a nanoparticle of a natural polymer, in tests it eliminated some of the side effects of the drug but also provided some additional benefits. In treatment of tumors that have become resistant to specific delivery methods, Paclitaxel can be loaded into different forms of polymer nanoparticles and this ability to provide a drug in a

Glioma, a destructive type of brain cancer, and other types of brain diseases have been mostly untreatable due to the blood brain barrier (BBB). There have been drugs produced that are effec-tive in treating these diseases, but simply cannot bypass the barrier due to its special properties. It serves to restrict and control the movement of molecules in and out of the brain. In recent years, the use of nanotechnology show promise with their abilities to bypass the BBB to deliver drugs and small molecules into the brain. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) obtained the most interest, as it has been used in earlier applications, and their ability to be tracked by CT imaging or atomic ab-sorption. By first looking at the size of the nanoparticle, researchers were able to decide which size of nanoparticles would have the most AuNP uptake across the BBB. It was found AuNPs less than 50nm are the most ideal for the amount of delivery within brain cells. A precursor prob-lem of reaching the BBB is the protein corona. It labels AuNPs immediately when it enters the bloodstream for phagocytosis. By adding a hydrophilic surfactant onto these AuNPs, it allows for them to have an increase circulation time in the blood to reach the BBB and into the brain. The option of using adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) or receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) will allow nanoparticles to increase their permability acorss the BBB. By utilizing these techniques, nanoparticles are able to enter the brain with

Conventional drug delivery systems (DDSs) are often accompanied by systemic side effects that mainly are attributed to their nonspecific bio-distribution and uncontrollable drug release characteristics. To overcome these limitations, advanced controlled DDSs have been developed to achieve the release of payloads at the target sites in a spatial controlled manner.

The idea of placing a very small controllable object into the human body in order to accomplish a medical feat, believe it or not, came from a science fiction film! In 1966, a movie by the name of Fantastic Voyage was produced and explored the subject. In this movie, a spy with critical information was nearly assassinated and left comatose with a potentially fatal clot in his brain. To save his life and to retrieve the top secret information, a submarine was shrunk to microbe size and injected into his body with a team of surgeons onboard. The team navigated to his brain to mechanically destroy the clot and save the spy along with his secret information.

Colorectal cancer is one of the fatal diseases of this era with quite higher incidence rate. Due to a high fatality rate, health organizations and researchers are continuously looking for new and better management options. In this strive, nanotechnology served as a major and novel treatment methodology with betterment and more optimum outcomes. Work is carried out with respect to colo-rectal malignancies where nano-particles are either used as diagnostic tools or they serve as treatment tools for targeted drug delivery to the tumor cells. This all leads to more specific and sensitive drug delivery to site of action thus minimizing the dose associated and non-specific drug delivery side-effects. The following review article will address such efforts and their impact to reduce disease burden, thus improving future prospects of the disease.