As it can be seen from the above figure, the use of Fuel Cells results in the reduction of CO, SOx,
NMHC, NOx and PM emissions by one to two orders of magnitude. There are almost zero PM emissions for natural gas fueled FC cars. Also, there is upto 60% reduction in CO2 emissions, which reduces the overall global warming co-efficient significantly. One more interesting conclusion is that most of the emissions in FC cars occur in natural gas extraction or methanol production stage and not during the end usage of the vehicles. Therefore, fuel cell cars can potentially provide higher environmental benefits if the fuel supply infrastructure is improved.
3.2 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSES –
It is believed the buses can be a good early
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As compared to the diesel buses complying with
EURO 5 emissions standards, the environmental benefits of the Fuel Cell buses will be
EURO2001 0.06/ per km. The fuel cell buses also show a fair amount of reduction in noise pollution as compared to the Diesel buses. Although the current environmental benefits of Fuel
Cell buses are less compared to the annualized purchase cost of the prototype FC bus, mass- production of the fuel cell buses can make those benefits significant.
3.3 FUEL CELLS IN COMBINED HEAT AND POWER APPLICATIONS –
More than 15% of the total energy use in the United States is from the residential sector, whose annual cost exceeds $5 Billion [7]. The supply of power for majority residences is from remote power generation plants, whose efficiency in less than 15 %, Also, the waste heat generated by these plants cannot be used efficiently, which results in the wastage of resources and unwanted emissions of Greenhouse gases.
Combined Heat and power generation systems are good alternatives for this, which can use the waste heat generated during power generation for heating applications. This can result in better efficiency and fewer emissions from the system. However, the use of conventional power generation technologies in these applications is not feasible due to a number of drawbacks like excessive pollutant emissions, noise, high cost, frequent maintenance requirements etc. Fuel
Cell
Gasoline powered vehicles are the types of vehicles that are commonly used around the world. Gasoline powered vehicles utilize an internal
In 2007, Canada’s industries saved 2.1 billion U.S. dollars of energy costs (2007). All these numbers show Canada’s efforts in general public utilities.
1. I have experienced high rates first hand. It’s never fun paying $700 for one month of energy when your home claims to be energy efficient.
Another area of technology that the automobile industry is working on is fuel cells. Even though it is predicted that automobiles using fuel cells will not be released until 2010, Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV), may be the next revolutionary idea in automobiles. FCVs reflect a completely new way of thinking about automobiles. FCVs use electric
These alternatives can be helpful in reducing carbon emissions while ensuring the energy independence . These sources are wind ,solar ,geothermal, hydro, nuclear and renewable bio fuels. Some of these sources are renewable , meaning they can be replenished, while others like nuclear, are non-renewable, yet are clean sources of energy. For better sustainability , society continues to explore the challenges of these energy options to help implement the necessary changes for an environmentally friendly and energy independent future.
These fuel efficiency automobiles would aid the nation to save on the total energy consumed by the citizens and also reduce on the energy expenses thus fostering growth through the transfer of resources to
Motor vehicles are a leading source of air pollution. Even though automobile and truck engines have become far cleaner in recent decades, the sheer
With the supply of fossil fuels steadily declining, gas and oil is becoming harder to harvest which means it is getting more expensive. Fossil fuels take millions of years to be naturally produced, yet each person burns gallons of gas per day (Maehlum par. 5). Though fossil fuels are produced naturally, when burned they release nitrogen oxides gases into the atmosphere, which contributes to the formation of smog and acid rain. According to the EPA, major sources of these nitrogen oxide emissions come from cars and trucks, coal-fire powered plants, large industrial operations, and ships and airplanes (EPA par 3). By reducing the number of gas powered cars on the road, we can reduce the amount of harmful chemicals we are releasing into our atmosphere.
Climate change and transportation play a big role and it is important to be concerned for our future generations. The use of gasoline cars is a major producer in carbon dioxide emissions, although they are not entirely responsible for it—they play a role in it. Other form of transportations like buses and taxis also contribute to carbon dioxide emissions. The total amount of carbon dioxide emissions from an average car is seventy six percent which comes from usage of a vehicle containing gasoline. Efficiency has increased by twenty percent in regards to electric motors, especially when it comes to their wheels using no power when the car is at rest. Car ownership will increase and with this, improvements in technology could be a vital
The energy consumption on the Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and refrigeration systems are fleetly ceaselessly increasing. Department of Environment and Energy (2013) stated that the energy consumption in Australia on the HVAC was approximately 40% and 70% of the base building consumption in 2012. Moreover, a research conducted in Paris projected that 15% of the generated electricity world wildly is utilized for air conditioning and refrigeration systems (Choudhury et al. 2010).
The number one reason why electric cars became popular is the ability to reduce the air pollution. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) almost 30% of greenhouse gas emissions are caused by transportation and most of them could be reduced by driving electric cars. The UK Department for Transport divides vehicle emissions in two categories: direct and life cycle. Direct emission are created by burning fuels while driving on the road. Petrol, diesel, and other alternative-fuel engines produce very high amounts of gases, that not only have impact on our health, but also on climate change. Gases like NO or CO2, that are known for causing many different respiratory illness. There is an estimate of 29,000 deaths a
The Hydrogen Fuel Cell could revolutionize the world. This ingenious technology, which creates electricity from the chemical reactions of hydrogen and oxygen has, in its 150-year history, passed many of the critical tests along the path from invention to innovation. Recent developments in fuel cell technology and concurrent developments within the energy and automotive industries have brought the world to brink of the fuel cell age and the hydrogen economy.
Energy is an important part of life producing the power of movement, heat, and production of electricity in many different ways. Therefore, choosing the correct source of energy is important for the environment and humans. Renewable energy that produces electricity never runs out, causing a lower environmental impact. Solar, Biomass, Wind, Geothermal, and Hydropower energy should be used globally to produce electricity. On the other hand, producing electricity from nonrenewable energy sources can be very harmful to humans and the environment. Humans can easily be dependent on it, which may not be the best option when it comes to finance, efficiency, sustainability and more. Approximately 52% of the US electricity comes from polluting sources like natural gas, oil, nuclear, and hydropower that have a lot of disadvantages effecting the environment in a negative way.
The second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States is related to transportation, the burning of oil to produce energy in a combustion motor. The combustion process inside of engines is what produces the carbon matter that is emitted into the air through the exhaust system on gas-powered vehicles. Gas-powered transportation is accountable for 24 percent of the global carbon emissions; this should not come as much of a surprise given the amount of urban sprawl that is being seen in the United States and across the globe. In the past decade, the Environmental Protection Agency, the United States government, and major car manufacturers have been working in conjunction to find ways to provide a “greener” form of transportation (EPA, 2011). This has included testing the use of hydropower, ethanol, natural gas, biodiesel, and electricity as a means of powering vehicles, which has led to the introduction of hybrid vehicles. Hybrid vehicles run on electricity and gasoline, the byproduct of oil that is generally used in the engine combustion process of vehicles (U.S. Department of
Coal and natural gas are the United States’ main fossil fuels used as energy sources. These fossil fuels both contain mixtures of hydrocarbons, which is a chemical compound of carbon and hydrogen (Olah, 2005). Currently, fossil fuels provide eighty-five percent of commercial energy, such as businesses, worldwide and this eighty-five percent does not even account for residential use. Imagine if the residential energy use was accounted for in that eighty-five percent (Davison, 2007). According to Goodell (2006), “Between 1950 and 2000, the world population increased by 140 percent and fossil fuel consumption increased by 400 percent. By 2030, the world’s demand for energy is expected to more than double,” with most of the electricity