Neo Pir : Personality Traits And Assess Normal Adult Personality

The five-factor model (FFM) is a contemporary construct describing personality. It incorporates five traits – openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism also referred to as OCEAN. Within each dimension, there are specific personality attributes, for example, openness includes subcategories of feelings and actions. The FFM was influenced by Cattell’s 16-factor model (1957) and shares traits with many other personality theories such as Eysenck’s PEN model. There has been an ongoing debate discussing how many factors appropriately represent the brain structure of personality, suggestions have varied from 2-7, recently Almagor et al. (1995) advocated that a 7-factor model unfolds when evaluative traits are involved. Costa & Mcrae (1992) claim that the FFM is the best theory of personality, however, the model has received much criticism. Through examining different aspects of the model its credibility can be explored.

There are five major dimensions of personality: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. Neuroticism includes anxiety, depression, hostility, impulsiveness, self-consciousness, and vulnerability. Warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement seeking and positive emotions characterize extraversion. Openness includes openness to fantasy, aesthetics, feelings, actions, ideas and values. The facets of agreeableness include altruism, compliance, modesty, straightforwardness, tender-mindedness, and trust. Conscientiousness includes achievement striving, competence, deliberation, dutifulness, order and self-discipline (Article 3).

Assessment techniques and the techniques used are a part of every counselor’s career. It is important that all counselors are aware of the different assessment procedures available as well as the risks and benefits associated with them. I chose to assess the case of Jessica, a medical resident, who has a very high pace and stressful job. She is also a perfectionist and can be very self-critical. Lately, she feels that she is not performing at the level she once was. As a result, she has been experiencing feelings of shame and worthlessness. Jessica has also been increasingly fatigued yet is having difficulty falling asleep at night. She also admits having difficulty concentrating, little interest in sex and has become increasingly irritable

A very useful model to assess a person personality and behavior pattern is through the use of the big five test. This test allows an administrator to get an accurate and quick assessment of the patients personality. The big five model is a widely used, modern, validated and replicated methodology for evaluating, understanding, and measuring one’s personality (McAdams, 1992). This test is highly associated with those suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder. And through this test those suffering from OCD will reveal their openness, agreeableness,

The NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO-PI-3) is a personality inventory that measures the big five personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (Whiston, 2013, p.221). These traits have been found to be universal in nature making the big five appropriate for use by other cultures and backgrounds due to

The Revised NEO Personality Inventory has validity ranging from .83 to .97. It shows reliability ranging from .86 to .95.

The NEO- PI-R is a self -administered questionnaire based on the Five Factor Model. The NEO PI-R is considered to be a concise measure of the five factor domains of personality (Costa & McCrae, 19921). It contains six traits or facets in each of the five domains. The domains are Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness (Costa & McCrae, 19921). These domains help to provide an assessment of a normal adult personality. The test consists of 240 items and three validity items (Costa & McCrae, 19921). The test requires at least a sixth grade reading level. Included in the NEO PI-R test manual is the NEO Five Factor Inventory. This inventory was validated in the four studies conducted by Holden, Wasylkiw, Starzyk, Book and Edwards (2006) in their article about the construct validity of the big four personality clusters.

Currently, there are various forms of assessment instruments that are used for diagnosing personality patterns and related psychopathological symptoms. Among many of them, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) are two of the major assessment instruments that are designed to assess personality traits and symptoms of certain personality disorders for those who are adults. As two of the most prevalent personality tests in the field of mental health, MMPI-2 and MCMI-III share various similarities in some way, however, there are also various major

I am to assume the role of career counselor at a college, and proffer career/vocational recommendations to one John Lee, a Freshman at the college. These recommendations are to be based upon results from Mr. Lee’s completion of the “Neuroticism, Extroversion, & Openness-Revised” (NEO-R) personality assessment instrument, in addition to review of career goals questionnaire, school/work history, and personal interview with the student (Kirwan, 2014). The NEO-R is to serve only as a template to evaluate and consider vocational aspirations for Mr. Lee, and further careful deliberation is paramount in the selection of the occupation that will engage him for remainder of his vocational life.

According (McCrae and colleagues ) the factors measured by the FFM are comprehensive that is they account for almost all the common variance in personality trait scores, on the other hand NEO-PI-R facets have been shown to have discriminant (McCrae & Costa, 1992) and specific heritability (Jang, McCrae, Angleitner, Riemann, & Livesley, 1998) and to contribute incrementally to predictive validity (Paunonen & Ashton, 2001) validity

Very popular is NEO Personality Test: International Personality Item Pool test, where personality is divided into five main categories (agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion), and 30 sub-categories. This test is common used in multicultural work environments from around the world.

Moving on, there has been debate over whether the factors of personality in trait theory are too parsimonious. H. J. Eysenck (1990) was a staunch advocate of having only three dimensions and discussed the reasons why expanding the factors was unsuitable, which was mainly focussed on a lack of knowledge and empirical evidence that there were more than three factors. However, Costa and McCrae (1992) presented substantial evidence that a Five Factor model represented personality more accurately. As with trait theory, factor analysis was employed to generate the five dimensions of personality which creates issues as will be discussed below. Nevertheless, the Five Factor model appears to be consistent across age, culture and gender (Costa and McCrae, 1992), provides stable traits which are identified and observed universally (Costa and McCrae, 1992) and can be applied to real-life situations (Costa and McCrae, 1992; Gardner et al, 2012, Straud et al, 2015,). Interestingly, some researchers doubt that even five factors are not enough to determine personality and propose that a sixth factor may be required, however there is disagreement over what exactly the sixth factor should be (Jackson et al, 1996; Piedmont, 1999; Aston et al, 2010).

With Seven billion people in the world it’s hard to think that we could all be linked together by 5 traits. We like to think that all of us are different and have different types of personalities that make us all unique. Personality is the combination of characteristics or qualities that form and individual’s distinctive character. When trying to observe the difference between one person and another personality psychologist rely on data that is collected from observing people and how they are. The Big Five are openness, conscientiousness, extrovericism, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Many people over the years study personality and began to get an in depth look at what makes each of us unique.

Psychological tests or psychological assessments are an important asset in the field of psychology. These tests are designed to measure people’s characteristics which pertain to behavior. There are a variety of different types of tests that can be used to assess different types of behaviors. According to the specific behavior or behaviors being assessed, tests are

When considering the practical difficulties of administering a long questionnaire to participants in a research study, it may be advantageous to consider utilizing a shorter version of the 50-item PIP. Donnellan, Oswald, Baird, and Lucas (2006) developed the Mini-IPIP, which is comprised of 20 items (p. 192). While some constraints of a study, such as the willingness of participants to answer questions in full, will never be completely eliminated, the Mini-IPIP was found to be an internally consistent measure of the Big Five factors (Donnellan, et al., 2006, p. 201). Thus, researchers in search of an abbreviated measurement of these personality factors should take advantage of the Mini-IPIP, “a very useful, efficient, and ultimately economical instrument given that it is in the public domain” (Donnellan et al, 2006, p. 201).