Nerolin Or 2-Naphthalene Lab Report

Ethyl ethanoate is made from ethanol and ethanoic acid. In the reaction sulphuric acid is added as a catalyst.

Characterization of activated carbon is done by by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and FTIR (Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy)

Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) virulence depends on the active transport of vesicles that contain melanin and capsule precursors, proteinases, and other macromolecules. We previously found that the Cn intersectin protein Cin1 regulates intracellular trafficking critical for growth and virulence and that Cin1-S isoform confers a marked survival advantage in the CNS of a murine model of cryptococcosis. In addition, we found that the expression of extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) including small RNA (sRNA), mRNA, and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) was significantly differentiated among cin1, CIN1-S, and wild type stains. Further investigation of these observations could promote our understanding of Cn propensity for the host CNS and the virulence

Triple Sugar Iron Agar test, there was a gas production seen in the media. The media was yellow slant and yellow butt indicating glucose, lactose and/or sucrose fermentation with acid accumulation in slant and butt. For sulfur reduction, it was negative since it did not turn black in color indicating no sulfur was reduced.

measurements of three-phase voltage and current samples obtained from the PSCAD/EMTDC. Fig. 8 depicts the 220 kV, 50 Hz simulated system one-line diagram. The other related parameters of the simulated system are shown in Table 1, transmission lines are assumed completely transposed. Fig. 9 & 10 show 3ph voltages and currents waveforms for 3ph to ground fault at 50% of the second line without and with UPFC respectively. It is clear that when UPFC is involved in the fault loop, the the voltage and current signals would be deviated from the actual value.

In a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution or SN2 reaction, there is only one-step. This occurs because the addition of the nucleophile and the elimination of the leaving group spontaneously occur at the same time.

Nerolin was prepared with a mixture of methanol, 2-naphthol, potassium hydroxide (KOH), and iodoethane using a reflux apparatus. A reaction mixture was obtained, and allowed to freeze. Nerolin crystals were obtained by way of gravity filtration and vacuum filtration in a successive manner. The nerolin crystals were further analyzed to show purity of the experimental product by examining the shape and size of the crystals, along with the melting point of the crystals. From this experiment, 6.44% of nerolin crystals were recovered, with a melting point measured as 33-35C. The preparation of nerolin was performed due to its role in maintaining long-lasting fragrance release properties in fabrics.

A. ) The glycolytic enzyme produces NADH+ and carbon dioxide from pyruvate. The allosteric control of the glycolytic enzyme is controlled by the amount of NADH produced. The NADH+ and carbon dioxide tricarboxylic acid cycle and become NADH+ and FAH2 The higher concentration of NADH, will lead to more electrons being contributed to the electron transport cycle, increasing the hydrogen ion gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which would lead to an increased production of ATP.

The purpose of this experiment is to convert carbonyl compounds to alkenes using Wittig reaction. In this case we will be synthesizing Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene from benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride and 9-anthraldehyde. We will also aim to obtaining a high percent yield and purity for the synthesis of Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene. The mechanism for this reaction goes thus:

In this experiment, the purpose was to determine the effect of the nicotine alkaloid in tobacco on the heart rate of Daphnia. To make certain that the effect of only one variable was being measured in this experiment, a control group was used as a reliable baseline comparison for the experimental group. It was found that the control group had an average heart rate difference of 30.67 beats per minute as shown in Table A. A difference this large in the control group was unexpected, because it was believed that the heart rate may stay fairly constant for no stimulant was added. However, this unanticipated difference may have resulted from the human handling and the heat from the microscope light.

Lab Report 9: SN1 and SN2 Mechanisms: Nucleophilic Substitution Raekwon Filmore CM 244 Section 40 March 27, 2018 Introduction: For this week’s experiment, involved nucleophilic substitution of SN1 and SN2 reactions. On two separate days, SN2 was done first followed by SN1 being done in the next lab. The substitution of one group from a saturated sp3 hybridized carbon atom is typically a reaction that is used to interconvert different functional groups.

Objective: The majority of the neurotoxic effects of nicotine is mediated through its actions on the α4 β2 nicotinic receptor1. It is highly susceptible to upregulation2 yet, neurotoxicity produced by other drugs of abuse markedly decreased receptor population3. Therefore, both the immediate and long-term effects of this toxicity on this receptor population was investigated.

Base on the results, nicotine and caffeine instead of increasing the heart frequency which is the beats per minutes, they actually did the opposite, they decrease the frequency of the heart and in some cases the amplitude. If we look at table 1 and compare the figures , were 2 drops of caffeine were add, the data shows no effects is done by caffeine, no increase or decrease in heart rate. The same problem happen when 10 drops of caffeine were added to the heart, there was no sign of a big change for the frequency, it only have a change from 59 to 60 BPM if we compare resting and 50 secs after caffeine was added. The only time where there is a difference was at the second trial of 2 drops of caffeine. The frequency drops from 57 to 47 BPM after

In this experiment, the pKa, dissociation constant, of 2-naphthol was determined by measuring the UV-visible absorption spectra of solution of the acid at different pH values.

In this synthesis, 2.0g of benzophenone was dissolved in 50ml isopropyl alcohol in 50ml Erlenmeyer flask. In this solution, one drop of glacial acetic acid was added. It was then filled with isopropyl alcohol up to the brim. After, the flask was stoppered using a well-rolled cork. It was ensured that very little air as possible was trapped inside the flask. It was tightly bind using a parafilm. The flask was inverted and exposed to sunlight outside the laboratory.