New Diagnostic Tool or Intervention for the Treatment of Diabetes

Diabetes can be treated in three basic ways: by diet, by diet in conjunction with tablets, or diet in conjunction with insulin. Diet serves as an initial control for non-urgent patients. If a person’s diet will have a major effect on glycaemic control, it does so reasonably quickly, within a few weeks of changing

In order to understand the cause and effects of type 2 diabetes on the body, it must first be asked “what is type 2 diabetes and what effects does it have on the body”? Firstly, there are two main types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is an auto immune disease which results in the destruction of the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. Without insulin, the body cannot absorb glucose in the cells which is needed to produce energy. Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1. Type 2 diabetes, rather than destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas, causes dysfunctions in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Type 2 diabetes is a condition that while insulin is being produced as it should, the cells are failing to respond properly to the insulin production. This is termed, insulin resistance. As the condition develops the body can stop responding to insulin completely, this is called insulin deficiency. Acutely this results in high blood glucose which can cause a variety of secondary illnesses. There are a range of causes of type 2 diabetes including genetic and environmental factors that affect beta cell function and insulin sensitivity. The majority of diabetes sufferers are obese with central adiposity. This means that excess adipose tissue must play a critical part in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The widely accepted reason for this is the

Diabetes Mellitus type 1 or type 2 can have short term and long-term complications, symptoms can appear between days to weeks. Throughout, you will gain more information about diabetes, what organs it can affect, symptoms, complications a diabetes patient with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes may come across. There are tests such as glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test, fasting blood sugar test, and oral glucose tolerance test (Mayo Clinic, n.d) that show what type of diabetes you have. There are treatments, such as insulin injections or an insulin pump that can be used to treat diabetes (WebMD, n.d).There are new research studies that can possibly cure diabetes but, are very complex, they are still being developed and trying to find

Type 2 Diabetes is a disease that is found in a variety of age groups around the world. This disease is growing at a rapid rate and it is impacting the health of this generation and future generations to come. Diabetes is a disease that impairs the body’s ability to produce or respond to the insulin hormone produced by the pancreas. The insulin allows for the glucose to be effectively used as energy throughout the body. Diabetes causes carbohydrates to be abnormally digested, which can raise blood glucose levels. This means that the glucose is not being taken up by the cells that need it. The cells cannot take up the excess glucose that has accumulated in the blood, so it is excreted through the urine. This can lead to problems with the kidneys, central nervous system, heart, and eyes because high blood glucose can damage the blood vessels of these organs. This diseased is managed by adopting a diet low in fat and high in fiber, increasing physical activity, losing excess weight, and not smoking. If this

Everybody knows that obesity is a big factor in developing type-2 diabetes, and that part of coping with this metabolic disorder is lifestyle change. If blood glucose does not go down, then medicines are introduced. Some type-2 diabetics even have to administer insulin in order to keep their blood glucose levels

Evidence-based research was done in regards to combining diet and exercise programs to lower the risk of type II diabetes. They discovered that those that undertook these programs were able to see a decrease in periods of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia and were able to maintain normoglycemic levels more easily. In addition they were able to decrease cardiovascular risk and lower blood pressure levels. (Healthy People 2020, 2014)

In regards to proper nutrition, a diet that has a low glycemic index has been found to improve blood sugar control. Unfortunately, diet and exercise aren’t enough to achieve glycemic control for some individuals. At this time, medication is usually introduced to the treatment regimen. Oral medications such as Metformin, sulfonylureas, nonsulonylurea secretagogues, alpha glucosidase inhibitors and thiazolidinediones are available. However, Metformin is usually the first line of treatment. In some patients, insulin can be added to their medication regimen. Consequently, in cases where the individual is morbidly obese and lifestyle modifications with medication therapy prove to be ineffective in maintaining glycemic control, weight loss surgery can be considered (Polonsky, 2014).

Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common disease worldwide. According to the American Diabetes association (ADA), 1808 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with diabetes, and another 7 million are thought to have the disease but have not been diagnosed. (Hilaire, Woods, 2013). This disease has impacted everyone in some way. It is a controllable disease; however many individuals choose not to control it or are uneducated on how to control it. Many people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) also have hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, lack of physical activity, poorly controlled blood sugars, and smoking. “Current evidence supports the concept that hyperglycemia significantly contributes to the development of both cardiovascular and microvascular complications of T2DM” (Chittari, McTernan, 2011). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus, accounting for 50% of all deaths (Campbell & Hillman, 2010).

Besides monitoring blood sugar and possible medication routes, most treatment options are better explained as lifestyle and habit changes. The treatment options are blood sugar monitoring; change in diet to a healthier alternative; exercising on a day-to-day basis, and in some cases, diabetes medication or insulin therapy. (Mayo Clinic). By following this “round-the-clock commitment,” patients can decrease their possibility of complications, but will never completely rid themselves of this condition (Mayo Clinic). In some cases, individuals have done what they can to manage the condition—by losing the weight, establishing good exercise habits, and monitoring themselves. This may result in the need for diabetes medication to disappear. However, the individuals must maintain that lifestyle, in order to help prevent them from needed medications (The Telegraph). This being said with treatment the outcome for Diabetes Mellitus Type II is rarely a complete cure, but this condition is manageable and sometimes

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a disease state which increases with age and targets many ethnicities and populations.1 Type 2 diabetes is not a condition that an individual is born with, rather, it is a condition that is acquired later in life beginning as early in adolescence. The ethnicities in which type 2 diabetes is most prevalent in are: Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, African Americans, and Pacific Islanders. Most cases of type 2 diabetes are associated with an obese and sedentary lifestyle meaning poor eating habits and lack of exercise. In the United States, 11.3% of people 20 years old and over are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. There are many risk factors in the development in type 2 diabetes, these risk factors include but are not limited to: family history, obesity, chronic physical inactivity, race or ethnicity, history of glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, or hemoglobin Alc and hypertension. Type 2 diabetes is often assumed to be asymptomatic. However, an increase in urination lethargy has been reported in a majority of patients. There are pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments to manage type 2 diabetes. Pharmacological treatments can vary depending on the severity of the type 2 diabetes, nonpharmacological approaches recommended are diet and exercise. The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes occurs mainly in the brain, neurons and other non-insulin dependent tissues, in which 75% of the total body glucose disposal is

“A major concern at this time is the rapid climb in incidence of Type 2 diabetes, with prevalence now estimated at about 9% (18 million) of the population greater than 20 years of age.” Obesity and Type 2 diabetes are commonly associated (Gould & Dyer, 2011). In addition to the two types of diabetes, there are signs and symptoms that are easily detected and some that develop after diagnosis.

Diabetes is little or no ability to move glucose out of the blood into the red blood cells. Nearly 16 million people have diabetes in the United States, which narrows it down to about 1 out of every seventeen people. About 2,150 new cases are diagnosed each day. Many of us do not clearly know what diabetes is and the different categories that it is classified in. The first type of diabetes that will be discussed is type 1 diabetes and steps that can be taken to diagnose diabetes. The second type of diabetes that will be talked about will be type 2 diabetes and how it effects patients. The third type of diabetes is gestational diabetes and how exercise can help control diabetes. This paper discusses type 1

Today, millions of new people become affected by type 2 diabetes every year. Diabetes ranks seventh among the leading causes of death in the United States and is causes more deaths than breast cancer and AIDS combined. Most people don't know how deadly this disease is. Weight loss is a primary goal towards preventing the disease. Therefore, almost every day companies introduce new medicines, pills, and diet plans that promise weight loss. These techniques are not always effective and they can be extremely expensive. However, there is an inexpensive old stand-by called “exercise” that has been proven over and over to reduce and control weight. Exercise is the most offered suggestion by doctors to prevent adult onset diabetes. People have to

In 2011, millions of cases of diabetes had been reported across the world by the World Health Organization. Many complications in the body can come as a result of diabetes. Diabetes affects the nervous and reproductive systems along with cardiac and urinary functions. Disability and death at an earlier age are also results of diabetes that is not treated properly or at all. These complications urge researchers to perfect the treatment for diabetes. There are two problems when it comes to controlling glucose in a person’s blood. The two problems are trying to make the number of glucose measurements more consistent and the type of therapy needed to help control the glucose in a patient’s blood.

The purpose of this paper is to take a specific subset or population of patients and study the current interventions provided to them as diabetes patients in Rehabilitation Settings. Then, improvements will be proposed to improve patient outcomes in this same setting. Diabetes is a chronic and life threatening disease that effects a large percentage of the population, and it requires time and effort on both the part of the patient and the health care provider to ensure that the patient is able to sufficiently manage the disease process to prevent further complications that can arise from having diabetes. This paper will address both type one and type two diabetes patients, as both are equally important and can be addressed with similar interventions.