Older Women Having Babies Essay

C. Down Syndrome is a common birth defect where an extra chromosome is given causing further health problems.

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that numerous individuals around the world suffer from; it is an intellectual disability that is caused by having one too many chromosome 21 copies, trisomy 21. The average person has two copies of chromosome 21 in each cell, whereas, an individual with Down syndrome has an extra copy of chromosome 21. This happens when either the sperm or egg cell undergoes atypical cell division during development. In the United States, there are approximately 400,000 individuals who have been diagnosed with Down syndrome, according to the last census in 2012 (National Down Syndrome Society).

There are many building blocks that come together to make a company what it is. Strategy is what helps to determine if a company’s actions are going to make it a success or a failure. Synectics is a new way of problem solving that allows a group to evaluate solutions they might otherwise not have realized to be a solution. Together, these two building blocks can help a company move toward being a successful one. All that I need to know about strategy, I can learn from an analysis of the movie Mean Girls.

When the sperm cells from the father and the egg cells from the mother are formed, they both undergo a reduction of their total number of chromosome from forty-six to twenty-three. This process is called meiosis (which contain one-half of the chromosome number found in the original cell before division) when a baby is conceived by the combination of one sperm cell with one egg cell, the baby receives twenty-three chromosomes from each parent for a total of forty-six chromosomes. Occasionally, an error occurs in the reduction process instead of passing on twenty-three

The increased risk of Down syndrome in 40 year old women is believed to be caused by errors which can crop up in the eggs’ genetic material as they age (Down-Syndrome Screening: A One-parent test for a Two-parent; The Atlantic 2017). Normally, there are 46 chromosomes in a cell; 23 from the egg and the

The preposition of cells seems to exhibit the severity of trisomy. The age of the parents seems to increase the contributing aspect to Down syndrome. Women thirty-five and older have given birth to sixteen percent of babies, which over half were born with Down syndrome. Expects have conducted different experiments to try and explain this, the first being the “older egg” hypothesis. With age the ova either changes due to time or for the reason of increased exposure to potentially hazardous biological and environmental conditions (p89). During ovulation the egg cells being released in later childbearing aged women are more susceptible to chromosomal errors as most are undergoing the last stages of meiosis. Other expects have a hypothesis of the “relaxed selection”, which shows older mothers, contrary to younger mothers, are less likely to unconsciously terminate the fetus with trisomy 21 chromosomes. Another view is egg cells with the extra chromosomes are less likely to be selected but as the women ages more egg cells with extra chromosomes are present and there are more to choose from. The age of the father can also be a

Capital punishment is when there has been a decision to kill someone for the crime that they committed. The death penalty in a utilitarian view, is to maximize happiness despite the consequences that can occur. A virtue ethicist would say no to the death penalty, because killing someone is morally wrong but we should take moral considerations instead of killing someone without moral consideration which is vicious rather than virtuous. Virtues are positive character traits that develops a person’s moral values and views. I’m in favor of the moral ethicist view which seems more humane and will state my argument and respond to the utilitarian objection and conclude my stance in the moral ethicist view.

known risk factor is advanced maternal age-at age 35, a woman has 1 chance in

My alarm went off at 6:00 am. "Thank God it's Friday," I whispered to myself as I got ready for the day. We still haven't found a case yet, this was just going to be another boring day at the hospital I guess. After I got ready I got in my car and drove to New York Mercy Hospital, which was only about 5 miles away. "Hey Jacobs, we got a case." Wilson said, handing me the file. I worked with two other Doctors; Zachary Wilson and James Miller. We take the medical cases that no other doctors can figure out. I got a cup of coffee and sat down at the table. "23 year old girl comes in after continually banging her head on the wall, says she had no idea

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. There are three genetic variations that cause Down syndrome: Trisomy 21, Mosaic Trisomy 21 or Translocation Trisomy 21. There are many ways in which theses disorders affect the body.  Trisomy 21 occurs when an egg or sperm comes in with an extra copy of chromosome 21, then, once an embryo is formed and starts to develop, the chromosome is replicated in every single cell of the embryo. Trisomy 21 is the most common type of Down syndrome. About 92% of Down syndrome patients have this type. People with Trisomy usually have physical problems.

Children are our future; our future scientists, doctors, teachers, president and so much more. It is hard not to notice the number of young parents nowadays that have children. the average age range for mothers giving birth is 20-34. With the current up rise of babies being born to young mothers, I could not help but think about how age plays a factor into birth effects. Down syndrome is the most common single cause of human birth defects. The most common form of Down syndrome is known as trisomy 21, a genetic condition where individuals have 47 chromosomes in each cell instead of 46. Trisomy 21 is caused by an error in cell division called nondisjunction, which leaves a sperm or egg cell with an extra copy of chromosome 21 before or at conception.

proceeded to say, “Are you pregnant? Do you need help?” The doctor laughed as she

Trisomy 21, also known as nondisjunction, means that there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 in the cell and is the most common. Translocation occurs when there are two 21 chromosomes plus an extra piece of chromosome 21 that had attached itself to another chromosome during the division process. Those who have mosaic down syndrome contain an extra chromosome 21 in only some of their cells while others are unaffected. People with mosaic down syndrome tend to have milder physical features and intellectual abilities than those who have trisomy 21 and translocation down syndrome. According to Mark Selikowitz, maternal age is a significant factor in causing trisomy 21. When females are born, all the eggs that a woman will produce are already present. The eggs wait years, some longer than others to be released and it is during the wait period (some 20-40 years) that it is believed errors can occur. On the contrary, man’s sperm does not remain standing therefore less probability for error. Additionally, people with a family history of down syndrome and people who carry the genetic translocation are factors to consider whether the child would be at

A chromosomal disorder is caused by an abundance or reduction of genes on the chromosomes. This type of disorder may also be caused by structural changes within these chromosomes; this is known as an aneuploidy (Porth, 2015). The most common chromosomal disorder is Down syndrome of which there are three types: complete trisomy 21, translocation, and mosaicism (Porth, 2015). Since its first identification in 1866, researchers have become more knowledgeable about the etiology of Down syndrome. When one studies etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of Down syndrome, he or she will begin to understand multiple chromosomal disorders.

Birth of a child can be such a happy time, especially when the little one is very healthy. We all have seen the movies when a new child is born, some of us are lucky to see it first hand. Some of us do get goose bumps, me being one of them. It is just so exciting to see that little life come out of what has been in that big belly for nine months. We sometimes refer to the birth of a child as labor. If only it was as easy as the name sounds. However, it is not. There are three main stages in birth. The first stage is the longest stage that can last 12 to 14 hours with the first birth, and later births are shorter. Dilation and effacement of the cervix take place here. That is when the uterine contractions gradually become more frequent and