Optimal Temperature Of The Fungal Amylase

Amylase experiment # 2 was done to see how the pH affected the efficacy of the enzyme. First we collected all of the materials that were necessary to make this experiment. We needed five clean test tubes, the following standard solutions, 1% Starch Solution pH 3,1% Starch Solution pH 5,1% Starch Solution pH 7,1% Starch Solution pH 9,1% Starch Solution pH 11

Temperature controls the speed the enzymes work at. Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy which increases the chance of collision therefore speeding up the rate of

These results show how temperature of extreme high, or low affects enzyme activity. The highest rate of enzyme activity occurred at 37 Cº. Anything that was hotter or cold than 37 Cº slowed the reaction rate. As I thought, 100 degrees would denature the enzyme, and that was the case. The data provided shows exactly what temperatures enzymes work best, and worst. The objective was achieved as we discovered the different reaction rates under different temperatures. The results are reliable, as we know enzymes do not work well when under extreme heat or denaturation occurs. What I learned in this experiment was that enzymes don’t work well under cold temperatures because they tend to move slower. My hypothesis did not quite match, because I thought they work best at lower temperatures.

As stated in the introduction, three conditions that may affect enzyme activity are salinity, temperature, and pH. In experiment two, we explored how temperature can affect enzymatic activity. Since most enzymes function best at their optimum temperature or room temperature, it was expected that the best reaction is in this environment. The higher the temperature that faster the reaction unless the enzyme is denatured because it is too hot. Similarly, pH and salinity can affect enzyme activity.

The purpose of this experiment was to determine (1) the reaction rate of an amylase enzyme in starch and (2) the environmental factors that can affect the enzymatic activity. The hypothesis, in relation to the enzymatic activity by variables such as the substrate concentrations, temperature, PH and chemical interactions on the rate of reaction, stated

amylase enzyme and the optimal temperature for fungal and bacterial amylase. In order to make

During these experimental procedures, the implication of multiple different temperatures on fungal and bacterial amylase was studied. In order to conduct this experiment, there were four different temperatures used. The four temperatures used were the following: 0 degrees Celsius, 25 degrees Celsius, 55 degrees Celsius, and 80 degrees Celsius - Each temperature for one fungal and one bacterial amylase. Drops of iodine were then placed in order to measure the effectiveness of the enzyme. This method is produced as the starch test. The enzyme was tested over the course of ten minutes to determine if starch hydrolysis stemmed. An effective enzyme would indicate a color variation between blue/black to a more yellowish color towards the end of the time intervals, whereas a not so effective enzyme would produce little to no change in color variation. According to the experiment, both the fungal amylase and bacterial amylase exhibited a optimal temperature. This was discovered by observing during which temperature and time period produced a yellow-like color the quickest. Amylase shared a similar optimal temperature of 55 degrees Celsius. Most of the amylases underwent changes at different points, but some enzymes displayed no effectiveness at all. Both amylases displayed this inactivity at 0 degrees Celsius. At 80 Celsius both the enzymes became denatured due to the high temperatures. In culmination, both fungal and bacterial amylase presented a array of change during it’s

Bacterial amylases operate at higher temperatures than do fungal amylases. Fungal amylases react rapidly at lower temperatures; fungal amylases are used as an agent for alcohol fermentation for grain (Underkofler et al, 1958). Fungal amylases is said to be denatured – change shape (Alberte et al, 2012), at high temperatures above 60° C and bacterial amylases on the other hand are stable and show little denaturing at temperatures up to 85°C 3 The question answered by the experiment is if the temperature is not within the range of the enzymes (fungal and bacterial amylase) optimal temperature (higher temperature) then will the enzymes denature and if the enzymes are placed in lower temperature from optimal the activity then will it slow down enough to stop all reaction, meaning each enzyme will not be operating efficiently. Knowing about a bacterial amylases and fungal amylases optimal temperatures are important for knowing which food products and industrial products it can be used on to conserve the product because then the producer knows about which products it can be incorporated into depending on the temperature it is manufactured at.

The effects of temperature on fungal amylase Aspergillus oryzae, and bacterial amylase, Bacillus licheniformis ability to break down starch into maltose was studied. The study determined the optimal temperature the Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus licheniformis was able to break down the fastest. The starch catalysis was monitored by an Iodine test, a substance that turns blue-black in the presence of starch. Amylase catabolizes starch polymers into smaller subunits. Most organisms use the saccharide as a food source and to store energy (Lab Manual, 51). The test tubes were labeled with a different temperature (0°C, 25°C, 55°C, 85°C). Each test tube was placed in its respective water baths for five minutes. After the equilibration process, starch was placed in the first row of the first row of the spot plate. Iodine was then added to the row revealing a blue black color. The starch was then added to the amylase. After every two minute section a pipette was used to transfer the starch-amylase solution to place three drops of the solution into the spot plate row under the corresponding temperature. Iodine drops was placed in the row. Color changes were noted and recorded. The results showed Aspergillus oryzae was found to have an optimal temperature between 25°C and 55°C and Bacillus licheniformis was found to have an

Heat effects the enzyme activity by speeding up the reaction and/ or completely denatures the enzyme. When the yeast and hydrogen peroxide mixture was put into the 80 degree C, the amount of O2 mL evolved constantly stayed at 0 ml for the complete 10 minutes contrary to the room temperature water in which the amount of O2 evolved increased by about an average of 7 mL for about 6 minutes and then increase by about 1-2 mL. An enzyme denatures with high temperature because heat changes the shape of the active site permanently which causes the enzyme to cease function. On the other hand, a colder temperature will slow the down the enzyme reaction. In 2.4 degree C solution, the amount of 02 evolved by about 1-3 mL every 30 seconds and by 6 min

The purpose of this experiment was to determine how temperature affects the rate of enzyme activity on its substrate. Using methods like, add 2 mL of hydrogen peroxide to each test tube and observe the rate of reaction. The result of this experiment was when temperatures are higher they tend to speed up the effect of enzyme activity, while lower temperatures decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction. However, if the temperature is too high, an enzyme will denature, which causes the shape of the enzyme to change. If the enzyme's shape changes, it cannot bind to the substrate. It is important to be very precise while adding enough distilled water to cover the potato, or hydrogen peroxide. Because, it is a possibility that it will lead to an error.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that carry thousands of chemical reactions that occur in living cells. They could be found in every living thing. Enzymes increase the rate at which chemical reactions occur. A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required. They are proteins made up of several amino acids. Each enzyme is different due to its structure, it all has different amino acid sequence. An enzymes ability to function depends on it’s environment. These factors include temperature, denaturation, pH, the size , the shape, and the amount of enzymes present. Enzymes performs best at ph7. That is the same pH as blood , the more enzymes stray away from pH7 the weaker it becomes , the active site gets damaged. This makes the enzyme not active, no longer functional. When it comes to temperature enzymes at a certain temperature have maximum activity. As temperature increases the enzyme activity also increases. When enzymes reach their maximum activity level and the temperature is still increasing it will start to decline (denaturation). The rate of reaction also depends on how much enzymes are present. We tested 5 hypothesis which were the amount of enzyme does not alter the rate of a reaction. pH does not influence the rate of an enzyme reaction. Temperature does not influence the rate of an enzyme activity. Boiling an enzyme before a reaction does not influence enzyme activity. The

This experiment will explore the effect of pH (3, 5, 9, and 11) on the function of amylase by using starch. Hypothesis Amylase have an optimal temperature and pH at which it functions. Amylase works best at pHs of body temperature in humans. If the pH deviates extremely in either direction (higher or lower)

In this lab we looked at the role of pancreatic amylase in the digestion of starch and the effect that temperature and pH has on this enzyme. Enzyme’s work as catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions within cells (Cooper, 2000). In order to do this, enzymes must show two essential properties: these two fundamental properties of enzymes include increasing the rate of chemical reactions without being eternally altered by the reaction and accelerating the reaction rate with keeping the reactants and products in chemical equilibrium (Cooper, 2000). Enzymatic catalysis is necessary for life. Most biochemical reactions would not occur under the mild temperatures and pressures

The Effect of Activator Concentration on the Rate of Reaction of Fungal Amylase Aim Investigate the effect of Activator concentration (Calcium) on the rate of reaction of enzyme (fungal amylase) using Starch as a substrate. Introduction Enzymes are made of globular proteins and each enzyme molecule is of a particular complex shape complementary to the substrate, which it breaks. The shape of the enzyme and its active site is due to the specific folding of the polypeptides chain within it. Enzymes behave as biological catalyst.