Options for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Answer: The combination of Insulin as well as oral hyperglycaemic drugs may be prescribed for Diabetes because they help in lowering the blood glucose levels. However the primary treatment doesn’t consist of these drugs. The primary treatment comprises of Diet control, Physical activity and Weight control. If after following the primary treatment strictly, no improvement in the blood glucose level is achieved then medication is suggested for the same. Insulin helps in maintaining the blood sugar levels. Note that insulin is not to be taken orally because the acids and digestive juices in the stomach destroy it. It has to be injected under the skin only. Taking insulin leads patient to experience Hyperglycaemic condition. The Hyperglycaemic drugs helps our body to react appropriately with the insulin so that the insulin hormone is able to help transfer glucose from blood to the cells successfully.

Type II diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects the way the body uses glucose. With diabetes, the body can resist the effect of insulin or fails to produce enough insulin to preserve a glucose level within normal limits. Type II diabetes is becoming much more common than before and the occurrence is growing. Approximately 23.5 million people in the United States are living with type II diabetes (Fesselle, 2010).

"Diabetes mellitus," notes a 2010 San Diego health assessment posting, "is a disease of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, in which the level of blood glucose, or blood sugar, is above normal. The disease occurs when the body is unable to produce or use insulin, a hormone that helps move glucose from the blood into other cells throughout the body" (San Diego County, n.d.). Type 1 generally reflects a naturally occurring demonstration of this; Type 2 is associated with adjustments that the body makes as a result of sugar and fat intake, and thus aligned very directly with obesity and poor health and dietary concerns. An estimated 90% to 95% of the conditions are now Type 2, contributing

Diabetes is a very common chronic medial disorder and expected to be a big medical challenge of the twenty first century (Clark, 2004). It is a condition, in which the glucose level in the blood becomes so high that the body is unable to utilize it properly. This long-term condition results when the pancreas of the victim is either not able to produce enough insulin (sometimes even cannot produce any insulin) or the insulin produced cannot work properly. Diabetes is divided into two main types: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1, also known as insulin dependent diabetes milletus (Masharani, 2008) cannot be prevent while Type 2 can be prevented but if the patient is at pre-diabetes stage.

Type II Diabetes Mellitus is an adult-onset diabetes that affects 90% of the diabetes patients. It is when the body does not recognize the insulin being produced by the pancreas, or not enough is produced. Insulin is a hormone that causes different cells to take up glucose for energy. Resistance to insulin causes the build up of glucose in the blood, which causes improper functions of cells and blood circulation, damage to nerves and blood vessels. The prevalence of type II diabetes is highest in African Americans among ethnic and racial groups. African American type II diabetic populations have tripled in 1993 when compared to 1963.

A study conducted by Buse et al (2007) examined the metabolic effects of 2 years of exenatide treatment in patients with T2DM. The results of their study showed HbA(1c) levels were

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that is caused by insulin resistance of the peripheral tissues and impaired insulin secretion of the pancreatic β cells.1 Both conditions result in reduced glycemic control, which can lead to hyperglycemia. Despite the availability of a wide range of anti-diabetic drugs to treat T2DM,

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic dysfunctional metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (Hyperglycemia). Currently, the causes of this disease may be an inadequate amount of insulin produced by the pancreas, cells in the body are resistant to insulin, and the pancreas producing less insulin than average. There are two main types of diabetes: Type I and Type II. Primary care physicians and endocrinologistendocrinologists can provide guidelines on diseases and treatment for each type of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus, secondary to pancreatic disease (type 3C), is a condition rarely considered in everyday practice.

The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist (AACE) treatment goals are individualized and aimed at lowering A1C and prevention of hypoglycemia along with decreased comorbidities associated with diabetes. Diabetics who are at an increased risk for hypoglycemia include: a diagnosis of greater than 15 years, advanced macrovascular disease, hypoglycemia unawareness, limited life expectancy and severe comorbidities (Garber, Blonde, Bush, Einhorn, & Garber,et al., 2017). In addition Fowler (2010) notes that those with renal or hepatic dysfunction are at an increased risk for hypoglycemia due to the combination of less endogenous glucose production and longer insulin half life. This combination can result in a rapid lowering of glucose.

Rattue, P. (Feburary 2012). TAK-875 New Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes. The Lancet Via Medical News Today. Retrieved from: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/ articles/242256.php

Type 2 diabetes, often referred to as noninsulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition that is often brought on by an individual’s lifestyle. Such as obesity, poor eating habits and not exercising. With this condition the body either resist insulin effect or doesn’t produce enough insulin (Buttaro, Trybulski, Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook, 2013).

The urine analysis (UA) has protein which indicates diabetes mellitus, along with her blood glucose (BG) of 275mg/dl. Marianna would be subjected to further assessment for the diabetes mellitus by ordering the HgA1C test. The plan would need to address the need for attending classes in nutrition. For medication management, Metformin 500 mg orally twice a day would be the drug of choice. According to NICE (2009), the blood glucose (BG) should be checked 2 to 6 months with the latter being the goal to indicate effective treatment. For this reason, Marianna’s BG will be monitored per the protocol to detect control. The patient will need to come to the office and be recheck using the HgA1C test which may indicate considering using sulfonylurea if BF is not decreased with Metformin.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a lifelong progressive disease with increasing prevelence.1,2 It is the most common form of diabetes (90-95% of diabetic patients) and requires continuous medical care.1,2 For most T2DM patients, metformin is considered the first line of pharmacological treatment in addition to proper diet and exercise.1,2,3 Long-term glycemic control is a common challenge in T2DM patients due to progressive nature of the disease and often a

One of the most common illnesses in the world, diabetes is characterized as hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance or lack of insulin production (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Normally, insulin produced by the pancreas is transported from bloodstream to the body cells or stored by the liver in the form of glycogen in order to balance blood glucose level. In people with type II diabetes, blood glucose remains in the blood due to insulin resistance, thereby resulting in hyperglycemia. Type II diabetes consists of about 90-95% of all the diabetic population in the US (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). High cases of type II diabetes are common in people over the age of 45 ("Diagnoses of diabetes," 2012).

The goal of a diabetes treatment plan is lowering HbA1c to below 7.0%, maintaining good glycemic control. Glycated hemoglobin or HbA1c is a blood sugar test that reflects the average plasma glucose concentration over the past three months. The first and best course of treatment is always lifestyle changes that includes exercise, diet modification, and weight control. Unfortunately, when this management plan fails or is insufficient, the next option is to take medications to lower HbA1c. Five non-insulin pharmacological options are available. First, biguanides in the form of metformin are quick