Osteoporosis Research Paper

in the development and onset of this disease. Sex hormones, such as estrogen previously mentioned, as well as testosterone in men can help build and maintain healthy bones. When these hormone levels decrease, which is not uncommon in old age, the chance for osteoporosis increase significantly.

396). When blood calcium needs to be replenished, the trabecular bone gives up minerals. The loss of trabecular bone is significantly apparent in men and women in their 30s. However, the trabecular bone can start to desintegrate whenever calcium withdrawals exceed deposits. Furthermore, cortical bone also gives up calcium, however this occurs at a slower and steadier pace. The cortical bone begins to give up ususally around someone in their 40s. Therefore, as bone loss continues, bone density begins to decline, which causes osteoporosis to become apparent. For instance, "Bones become so fragil that even the body's own weight can overburden the spine - vertebrae may suddenly disintegrate and crush down, painfully pinching major nerves" (Whitney & Rolfes, 2013, p. 396). Nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoporosis tend to occur in the older age, female gender, smaller frame Caucasian, Asian, or Hispanic/Latino. In addition, it occurs in people with family history of osteoporosis or fractures. However, modifiable risk factors include, sedentary lifestyle, diet inadequare in clacium and vitamin D, diet excessive in protein, sodium, caffeine, cigarrette smoking, alcohole abuse and low

Osteoporosis occurs when bones lose their strength and density. They become fragile, weak, and brittle, this means that the bones are more likely to fracture. Osteoporosis particularly affects women after menopause and in their later years. However, some men may also be affected. Activity and a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D can help prevent osteoporosis. It affects one of every two women and one out of every five men, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

“Worldwide, osteoporosis causes more than 8.9 million fractures annually, resulting in an osteoporotic fracture every 3 seconds” (Johnell, 2006 ). Making Osteoporosis a severe musculoskeletal disease. We will cover any the expected findings, signs and symptoms that you will find upon your assessment. It will also cover the routes of treatments, medications and preventive measures to emphasize to your client and the results and complications that can arise if these rules cannot be met. It will conclude with detailed nursing interventions as well as risks and what to express to your client upon discharge.

“Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, either as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D” (Mayo Clinic, 2016). The main causes of osteoporosis are aging, menopause, and lack of vitamin D and calcium. The standard symptoms include bone fracture that occurs more easily, stooped posture, and loss of height over time. With osteoporosis, the general medications are bisphosphonates, and unfortunately osteoporosis cannot be cured but treatment may help.

The process of aging presents a plethora of health complications that must be understood and dealt with in an effective manner so as to sustain a positive quality of life for the increasing numbers of aging individuals within the world’s populations. These complications and conditions are quite varied in their severity and commonality. Osteoporosis, unfortunately, is both highly detrimental and exceedingly common, despite the many efforts made to prevent it. It is a disease of the bone, reducing bone qualities such as mass and density in such a way as to make the daily activities of life both risky and difficult. I will examine the exact pathophysiology of this disease later in this paper, but for the time being, let it

Osteoporosis is often found in elderly women with low levels of estrogen and calcium. The number of available research based on osteoporosis in women outnumber that of their male counterparts. Little researches have been conducted on the relationship between testosterone levels and osteoporosis in men. In this paper, we will review 5 difference sources to determine if testosterone levels affect the chances of men developing osteoporosis. The following three questions will be answered in this paper: Are women more prone to osteoporosis compare to men due to their low level of testosterone? Is low testosterone the main cause of osteoporosis in men? Is testosterone therapy effective in reducing or cure osteoporosis in men?

Osteoporosis is a silent disease in which the bone mass is reduced, often the debilitating fracture happens (Anderson‐Wurf, Harding, & Seal, 2018); this means that a weakened bone mass results in disability and soreness (Sedlak, Doheny, & Jones, 2000). The osteoporosis risk can be decreased through improving bone mass in childhood, preserving bone mass in adulthood, and reducing bone mass damage in older age. A few ways to reduce osteoporosis risk are to follow healthy habits such as weight-bearing physical activity, consuming diets with high level of calcium and vitamin D, stopping smoking, and not drinking excessive amounts of alcohol or caffeine (Hernandez-Rauda & Martinez-Garcia, 2004).

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density and the decay of bone fibers resulting in weaker bones; making bones deteriorated and vulnerable to fractures (Sharma and Khandelwal., 2010). Osteoporosis is a disease that affects men and women. According to a study half of the women and one-eighth of the men would suffer from bone fractures caused by osteoporosis during their life span (Anders, Tuner, and Freeman, 2013). Osteoporosis turns into a considerable health problem mainly for women after menopausal years; as women aged their Bone Mineral Density (BMD) decreases as the risks of bone fractures increase (Mendoza-Romo et al., 2014). Why are women at risk of developing osteoporosis? Bone health is directly

Osteoporosis has many direct factors that contribute to the loss of bone mass that eventually leads to the disease. Unfortunately, many of those cannot be controlled, for example, there is ethnicity, gender, age, and genetics. Over the years, it has been proven that Caucasians and Asians, develop osteoporosis because of their small stature. The thinner a person is, the more likely an individual 's bones will become weak. Also, as a person ages, the “body may reabsorb calcium and phosphate from your bones instead of keeping these minerals in your bones”. This is seen more often after the age of forty. In addition, an individual should be informed about their family history diseases, for family history is also a contributing factor. If a woman falls under any of these categories, the probability of developing osteoporosis will be very high, because research suggests that women are more likely to contract the illness. Now, circumstances that can and should be controlled include alcohol consumption, smoking, and having an eating disorder.

Osteoporosis is a devastating bone disease in which bones become porous and brittle and are more susceptible to fractures; according to Johnell O and Kanis JA (2006), “Worldwide, osteoporosis causes more than 8.9 million fractures annually, resulting in an osteoporotic fracture every 3 seconds.” Osteoporosis is the result of several factors including diet and lifestyle choices, age, disease and medications, but the underlying cause is due to bone loss occurring faster than the body can replace it.

Osteoporosis is a weak bone disease where bones become weaker, more fragile and brittle, predisposing and individual to more cracks and fractures. Osteoporosis is more common in women than men. Factors that influence an individual’s likelihood of developing osteoporosis include; smoking, drinking alcohol, leading and inactive lifestyle and fizzing drinks. The reason why osteoporosis accrue in some individuals is because whereas we tend to think of our bones as a hard structure but instead in reality they only become supper hard and almost weapon like after death. While you are alive your osseous tissue (A strong connective tissue that forms your bones) isn’t as hard or unchangeable as we think. This is because bone is an ever changing state of proteins

Brundtland refutes (2014), “Today Osteoporosis affects more than 75 million people in the United States, Europe and Japan, and causes more than 2.3 million fractures in the USA and Europe alone”. Overtime Osteoporosis weakens the bones, and bone mass deteriorates. Kling et al. (2014) states, “The definition of Osteoporosis is low bone mass, leading to increased fracture risk”. With time bones lose calcium and phosphorous becoming fragile and susceptible to fractures, especially fractures of the hip, spine, and wrist. “Porosis” means spongy, the spongy part of the spine is most at risk to break. Osteoporosis occur mostly in women as a result of menopause, because of the decrease of estrogen that occurs within the body. Women are not the only people who can be affected by this disease; Men who are treated with androgen-suppressing drugs for prostate cancer are also prone to Osteoporosis. Many people seem to think that Osteoporosis occur mainly in elderly women, but that is not the case. Osteoporosis can also arise during childhood. One of the leading causes of osteoporosis is immobility. Because of lack of movement the bones grow weaker. Despite the unsystematic pathological fractures Osteoporosis causes, bones steadily regenerate themselves while still retaining their overall strength ("Anatomy and Physiology," 2014).

The word osteoporosis means, “Porous Bone”. It is a disease in which the density and strength of the bone is weakened over time. As this process happens over time the risk for fracture increases. Since there is no real symptoms for this disease many sufferers don’t even realize their condition until a fracture has occurred. Most fractures occur in the hip, wrist, and spine. The bones become so weak and brittle that a fall or even a mild stresses like bending over or coughing can cause a fracture. Thankfully there are early detection test available to prevent this and many ways to strengthen the bone before it happens. There are ways to manage those already effected with medication and healthy lifestyle. No longer does this disease need to debilitate one’s life.

Bone formation and bone break down is a very important maintenance of the human body. After tooth eruption teeth move and need new bone to form constantly. Due to the wear of enamel on the interproximal and occlusal surfaces teeth are constantly moving in the mouth. For that reason, Osteoclasts are activated and they begin to breakdown old bone. On the opposite side of the tooth osteoblasts lay down new bone. With age however bone begins to change. When a person is young they have healthy, dense and smooth bone. When people age bone becomes less dense and jagged. When this begins to occur it is known as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a very common condition that affects the bone. This condition causes the bone to become very brittle and break down rapidly. This condition affects men and women worldwide. It is more common to occur in women than in men. Worldwide an estimated two hundred million women are affected with the debilitated conditions of osteoporosis (5). Women are diagnosed with this more often than men, it is because of the effects of menopause. Osteoporosis occurs when certain nutrients levels are not where they are supposed to be. Estrogen is one of the key nutrients to be low and become an onset for osteoporosis (7). Although women suffer more frequently from osteoporosis, men however tend to suffer more fatalities after a hip fracture due to osteoporosis (7). Other factors can play a role in the development of osteoporosis such as; people who smoke, have eating