Osteoporosis Research Paper

Osteoporosis is a detrimental bone condition, the tissue in the bones deteriorate and thus the bones become progressively brittle which presents a risk for rupture. Osteoporosis impacts more than 44 million Americans and is linked to a suggested 2 million bone fractures each year. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, the amount of fissures due to osteoporosis may escalate above 3 million by the year 2025. Osteoporosis is typically undetected and advances with slight warning signs until a fissure ensues. Effects of osteoporosis encompass height reduction and a curved upper back, anyone can have osteoporosis, however it is prevalent in elderly women and many may break a bone due to this condition. Recovery and prevention are vital in combating osteoporosis, though it may never be eradicated one can take measures to stabilize bone density and gain strength.

in the development and onset of this disease. Sex hormones, such as estrogen previously mentioned, as well as testosterone in men can help build and maintain healthy bones. When these hormone levels decrease, which is not uncommon in old age, the chance for osteoporosis increase significantly.

As generally stated in the introduction, osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that involves the strength and integrity of one’s bones. The WHO defines osteoporosis as, “a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low-bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, increased bone fragility, and its susceptibly to recurrent fractures.” 2 The most important factor to take into account when addressing osteoporosis is the mass of bone, also referred to as, bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass begins to decline, typically in the older population, specifically postmenopausal women, individuals are at an increased risk for fractures.3 As a result of this serious condition, many people are affected by morbidity, mortality, and economic difficulty.1

Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the bones become brittle from the loss of tissue, generally as a result of specific changes. Risk factors that take part in the disease are things such as unchangeable risks like sex, age, race, family history and the size of the individual. Other risk factors include hormone levels and medication as well as dietary factors and life choices. Life choices that play a role are sedentary lifestyle these are people who spend a lot of time sitting have a higher risk of osteoporosis than do their more-active counterparts, weight-bearing exercise is beneficial for your bones to ensure the bone remolding cycle ensures them to grow strong (MayoClinic, 2013). Common symptoms that one should take into

396). When blood calcium needs to be replenished, the trabecular bone gives up minerals. The loss of trabecular bone is significantly apparent in men and women in their 30s. However, the trabecular bone can start to desintegrate whenever calcium withdrawals exceed deposits. Furthermore, cortical bone also gives up calcium, however this occurs at a slower and steadier pace. The cortical bone begins to give up ususally around someone in their 40s. Therefore, as bone loss continues, bone density begins to decline, which causes osteoporosis to become apparent. For instance, "Bones become so fragil that even the body's own weight can overburden the spine - vertebrae may suddenly disintegrate and crush down, painfully pinching major nerves" (Whitney & Rolfes, 2013, p. 396). Nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoporosis tend to occur in the older age, female gender, smaller frame Caucasian, Asian, or Hispanic/Latino. In addition, it occurs in people with family history of osteoporosis or fractures. However, modifiable risk factors include, sedentary lifestyle, diet inadequare in clacium and vitamin D, diet excessive in protein, sodium, caffeine, cigarrette smoking, alcohole abuse and low

“Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, either as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D” (Mayo Clinic, 2016). The main causes of osteoporosis are aging, menopause, and lack of vitamin D and calcium. The standard symptoms include bone fracture that occurs more easily, stooped posture, and loss of height over time. With osteoporosis, the general medications are bisphosphonates, and unfortunately osteoporosis cannot be cured but treatment may help.

According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, “About 54 million Americans have osteoporosis and low bone mass, placing them at increased risk for osteoporosis. Studies suggest that approximately one in two women and up to one in four men age 50 and older will break a bone due to osteoporosis.” The bone disorder may be common, but there are many risk factors for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis usually happens with elders, especially in postmenopausal women. According to Human Anatomy and

People have been diagnosed with different forms of osteoporosis. 100 years ago it was a health problem of a small group of people. The elder suffered from diseases that cause secondary osteoporosis; These

The process of aging presents a plethora of health complications that must be understood and dealt with in an effective manner so as to sustain a positive quality of life for the increasing numbers of aging individuals within the world’s populations. These complications and conditions are quite varied in their severity and commonality. Osteoporosis, unfortunately, is both highly detrimental and exceedingly common, despite the many efforts made to prevent it. It is a disease of the bone, reducing bone qualities such as mass and density in such a way as to make the daily activities of life both risky and difficult. I will examine the exact pathophysiology of this disease later in this paper, but for the time being, let it

Osteoporosis has many direct factors that contribute to the loss of bone mass that eventually leads to the disease. Unfortunately, many of those cannot be controlled, for example, there is ethnicity, gender, age, and genetics. Over the years, it has been proven that Caucasians and Asians, develop osteoporosis because of their small stature. The thinner a person is, the more likely an individual 's bones will become weak. Also, as a person ages, the “body may reabsorb calcium and phosphate from your bones instead of keeping these minerals in your bones”. This is seen more often after the age of forty. In addition, an individual should be informed about their family history diseases, for family history is also a contributing factor. If a woman falls under any of these categories, the probability of developing osteoporosis will be very high, because research suggests that women are more likely to contract the illness. Now, circumstances that can and should be controlled include alcohol consumption, smoking, and having an eating disorder.

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density and the decay of bone fibers resulting in weaker bones; making bones deteriorated and vulnerable to fractures (Sharma and Khandelwal., 2010). Osteoporosis is a disease that affects men and women. According to a study half of the women and one-eighth of the men would suffer from bone fractures caused by osteoporosis during their life span (Anders, Tuner, and Freeman, 2013). Osteoporosis turns into a considerable health problem mainly for women after menopausal years; as women aged their Bone Mineral Density (BMD) decreases as the risks of bone fractures increase (Mendoza-Romo et al., 2014). Why are women at risk of developing osteoporosis? Bone health is directly

Osteoporosis is a devastating bone disease in which bones become porous and brittle and are more susceptible to fractures; according to Johnell O and Kanis JA (2006), “Worldwide, osteoporosis causes more than 8.9 million fractures annually, resulting in an osteoporotic fracture every 3 seconds.” Osteoporosis is the result of several factors including diet and lifestyle choices, age, disease and medications, but the underlying cause is due to bone loss occurring faster than the body can replace it.

Osteoporosis is a silent disease in which the bone mass is reduced, often the debilitating fracture happens (Anderson‐Wurf, Harding, & Seal, 2018); this means that a weakened bone mass results in disability and soreness (Sedlak, Doheny, & Jones, 2000). The osteoporosis risk can be decreased through improving bone mass in childhood, preserving bone mass in adulthood, and reducing bone mass damage in older age. A few ways to reduce osteoporosis risk are to follow healthy habits such as weight-bearing physical activity, consuming diets with high level of calcium and vitamin D, stopping smoking, and not drinking excessive amounts of alcohol or caffeine (Hernandez-Rauda & Martinez-Garcia, 2004).

Brundtland refutes (2014), “Today Osteoporosis affects more than 75 million people in the United States, Europe and Japan, and causes more than 2.3 million fractures in the USA and Europe alone”. Overtime Osteoporosis weakens the bones, and bone mass deteriorates. Kling et al. (2014) states, “The definition of Osteoporosis is low bone mass, leading to increased fracture risk”. With time bones lose calcium and phosphorous becoming fragile and susceptible to fractures, especially fractures of the hip, spine, and wrist. “Porosis” means spongy, the spongy part of the spine is most at risk to break. Osteoporosis occur mostly in women as a result of menopause, because of the decrease of estrogen that occurs within the body. Women are not the only people who can be affected by this disease; Men who are treated with androgen-suppressing drugs for prostate cancer are also prone to Osteoporosis. Many people seem to think that Osteoporosis occur mainly in elderly women, but that is not the case. Osteoporosis can also arise during childhood. One of the leading causes of osteoporosis is immobility. Because of lack of movement the bones grow weaker. Despite the unsystematic pathological fractures Osteoporosis causes, bones steadily regenerate themselves while still retaining their overall strength ("Anatomy and Physiology," 2014).

Bone formation and bone break down is a very important maintenance of the human body. After tooth eruption teeth move and need new bone to form constantly. Due to the wear of enamel on the interproximal and occlusal surfaces teeth are constantly moving in the mouth. For that reason, Osteoclasts are activated and they begin to breakdown old bone. On the opposite side of the tooth osteoblasts lay down new bone. With age however bone begins to change. When a person is young they have healthy, dense and smooth bone. When people age bone becomes less dense and jagged. When this begins to occur it is known as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a very common condition that affects the bone. This condition causes the bone to become very brittle and break down rapidly. This condition affects men and women worldwide. It is more common to occur in women than in men. Worldwide an estimated two hundred million women are affected with the debilitated conditions of osteoporosis (5). Women are diagnosed with this more often than men, it is because of the effects of menopause. Osteoporosis occurs when certain nutrients levels are not where they are supposed to be. Estrogen is one of the key nutrients to be low and become an onset for osteoporosis (7). Although women suffer more frequently from osteoporosis, men however tend to suffer more fatalities after a hip fracture due to osteoporosis (7). Other factors can play a role in the development of osteoporosis such as; people who smoke, have eating