Overview : Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm )

Type 1 consists of fatal conditions that last less than five weeks. Type 2 is a chronic condition. Diabetes Mellitus is a disease, which involves the inability of your body to respond or produce hormone insulin. It results in having high glucose levels. Glucose is very important when it comes to your health; it is a source of energy for the cells needed to make up your muscle cells and tissues. Type 1 diabetes is insulin-dependent and mostly common in childhood or adolescence. In this case, the pancreas does not produce any insulin, which is a hormone that allows glucose into your cells to produce energy (Mayo Clinic,n,d). The most common types of diabetes is type 2 which is when your body does not use or produce insulin properly, it is sometimes called, insulin resistance. The third type of diabetes is called Gestational diabetes, which develops during

There are three types of diabetes Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational diabetes. Unfortunately there is no

Diabetes is a condition that affected nearly one hundred and fifteen millions Americans in 2012 ("Statistics About Diabetes"). A big number of the individuals is being affected, but it is frightening that diabetes awareness is not emphasized as greatly as other conditions. Diabetes is the increase in blood sugar, which can lead to heart disease. Heart disease is still as of today, the leading cause of death in the United States of America, so diabetes should be taken seriously. Although there is no cure as of today, there are a lot of steps that can be taken in order to maintain the condition.

Diabetes Mellitus is currently classified as type one and type two. Type one diabetes is characterized as a complete lack of insulin due to the destruction of the pancreatic cells. Type one is thought to come from an interaction between a genetic component or an acquired environmental component (auto immune). Type one diabetes, develops over the course of years. The peak age for diabetes is ten to fourteen years. With beta cells destruction happening before the disease is diagnosed.

There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is a condition in which the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, due to the destruction of beta cells. This results in chronic hypoglycemia. Type 2 diabetes is correlated with obesity and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. The body is resistant to insulin because the skeletal muscle is unable to respond to the insulin-mediated glucose uptake.

In gestational diabetes, this type of diabetes develops in women only during pregnancy. When a woman is pregnant there are a surge of varied hormones that are produced. These hormones sometimes lead to a pregnant woman developing resistance to the insulin just like the other two types of diabetes. It also comes about because the body cannot use the insulin that is produced, effectively. This usually affects a woman in her second trimester and goes away after the birth of the baby. Developing GD can put a woman at risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in her life or developing GD with every pregnancy that follows. It can also lead to certain health problems in their children like childhood obesity or the risk of developing diabetes in later life.

Diabetes is typically classified as either type 1 or 2, but there actually many other types of diabetes (e.g. gestational, drug-induced, infection-induced, or disease-induced, etc.). However. These represent a very much small minority of the total number of cases of diabetes and they will not be discussed here.

Type II is similar to Type I but this particular branch is known as a Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), meaning that the production of insulin is not the problem. Patients with type II have an insulin resistance condition, which means that their body has become resistant to the insulin hormone and therefore, the cells in the body do not react to it. When resistance to insulin takes place, the pancreas makes an effort to produce as much insulin as it can, in order to attempt to stimulate the body’s cells, until it can no longer produce sufficient amounts. Once the insulin production has worn out, blood sugar levels in the bloodstream rise and diabetes type II manifests. Insulin levels in the body may be normal but because of the resistance, there is a decrease in sensitivity to liver and muscle cells, and because the insulin cannot penetrate such muscles, it becomes ineffective. Unlike type I, type II can be

Diabetes is associated with wide range of complications such as chronic renal failure, blindness, amputations, heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and neuropathy (Alotabi, A., et al., 2016). There is no known cure for diabetes, but the disease can be controlled through health management that includes multiple perspectives of care such as medications, blood glucose monitoring, diet, nutrition, screening for long-term complications and regular physical activity (Alotabi, A., et al., 2016). Managing diabetes may be complicated and requires the knowledge and skills of both healthcare providers and the clients. Studies have shown that to prevent or delay diabetic complications due to diabetes, counseling and other lifestyle interventions are the effective therapy. Even with many policies set up for diabetes, 8.1 million Americans are undiagnosed with diabetes mellitus, and approximately 86 million Americans ages 20 and older have blood glucose levels that considerably increase their risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus in the next several years (CDC, 2015). For diabetes care to be successful there needs to be a good understanding of the disease and management by both patients and healthcare providers,

The more common type, type 2, usually occurs in adults older than 35, and is referred to as non-insulin dependent diabetes. It is ordinarily present in those who are overweight and live a stationary, unhealthy lifestyle. The problem for type 2 victims is that allow insulin is produced- it is not a sufficient amount. This is when “insulin resistance” occurs, which is when insulin tries to do its job and open the cell, but does not open the cell to allow sugars to enter.

Type II Diabetes Mellitus formerly known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetes can occur at any age. This affects 80% of overweight people. Type II diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by impaired insulin production, inappropriate hepatic glucose production, or peripheral insulin receptor insensitivity. Although people with Type II diabetes produce insulin, their levels may be normal, low, or elevated, they

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a type of diabetes that was first discovered during pregnancy. According to Canadian Diabetes Association (2015), three to twenty percent of women develop Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). GDM is a result of increased insulin resistance or glucose intolerance. Incidence of GDM varies by age, body weight, and ethnicity. Canadian Diabetes Association (2015) mentioned that individuals who are at greater risk include women over 35 years of age, women who are obese, women with low physical activity, and women of Native, Aboriginal, Hispanic, South Asian, Asian and African heritage (Risk factors for gestational diabetes, para. 1). Infants of women with unmanaged gestational diabetes who fall under same risk group face problems like being fat at birth, blood glucose control problems after delivery and carry increased risk for diabetes later in life (What does gestational diabetes mean for my baby, para. 1).

metabolic illnesses where there are high glucose levels for an extended period of time. Diabetes

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different types of DM, also, describe gestational diabetes mellitus, drugs used for treatment, proper preparation, and administration, as well as the dietary plan. Also, explanation of the short-term and the long-term impact of the disease on patient and drug effects will be discussed.

The word “diabetes” originates from the Greek word “siphon” while “Mel” translates to honey in Latin. The term,