Pathological Disorders: What´s Transverse Ridges?

1. The clear, keratinized portion of a fingernail is known as the nail _PLATE_. It has a root, body, and free edge.

Longitudinal bone growth occurs at the epiphyseal plate, which is a thin layer of cartilage between the epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone at the distal ends of the long bones. Bone growth is the result of maturation, growth of chondrocytes, their production of bone matrix, and finally calcification (47). The growth plate is a complex structure consisting of different layers of cells, as shown in figure 3. The most immature cells, the stem cells, are found towards the epiphyseal end of the growth plate in the stem cell zone, or resting zone; the proliferating zone contains more mature chondrocytes and the hypertrophic zone contains the larger chondrocytes. The resting stem cells in the resting zone are recruited, whereupon proliferation and differentiation

Koilonychias causes flattening and thinning of the nails making them brittle. It is unknown what causes these changes but when seen should make the practitioner consider iron deficiency (Yehuda and Mostofsky,2010)

Look how pretty your hands look and how beautiful your nails are. Keep them like this, as they are a very important part of your personality. Keep them beautiful and neat.

Feet with normal exam to inspection, except for slightly thickened toenails of #2, both right and left. This is at the distal edge of the toenail and not toward the matrix, itself.

Nail matrix biopsy is carried out to create or confirm an analysis in order to surgically remove an epidermis lesion that's affecting the development nail plate. The list below describes some conditions by which this process might be carried out. To differentiate inflammatory conditions like nail skin psoriasis and lichen planus. To recognize benign tumours like myxoid cyst, viral wart and onychomatricoma. To discover the reason for a solitary melanonychia, a pigment band around the nail plate, which might be because of a benign pigmented lesion or melanoma from the nail unit

of hair cells and supporting cells, but not necessary to maintain this pattern once it has

In terms of classification of finger prints, the actual trace itself can be distinguished by analyzing the finger using the accepted terms for the patterns that all fingers exhibit. These include “whorls” which is the circular shape, ridges and ridge endings which are unique in almost every way and also loops which are the elongated bend shape which can originate from the left or the right of the finger. Other, more rare characteristics of the finger print is the arch which is slightly raised lines and tented arches which form a triangular looking fingerprint.

Circular areas of discoloration of the nail bed and hyponychium may resemble an ‘oil drop’ below the nail. Histologically, these are areas of psoriatic change in the hyponychium (Robbins et al., 1983).

Your hands do the walking through a minefield of irritating substances and situations. Dry skin around the fingernails, in form of scraggly cuticles or rough fingertips, can be more than just an aesthetic annoyance if cracked skin lets in harmful bacteria. Take care of this skin whether you're braving a chilly day, sitting down for a manicure, scrubbing a floor or scrubbing your hands.

While you are talking to your doctor or cancer care team about your pending chemotherapy treatment and what to expect, be sure to ask him about any changes you are likely to experience with your skin and nails. The more information you have up front, the less any changes you notice are likely to take you by surprise and the more likely you are to see these changes and report them to your doctor at the earliest possible stage.

It can cause the fingertips to be red and sore and the cuticles to bleed and also increases the risk for infections around nail beds and in biter’s mouth. Long-term nail-biting can also interfere with normal nail growth and cause deformed nails. Moreover, bitten fingertips can become very sensitive to pain; usually at the place the skin meets the edge of the nail. Especially, nails, when taken care of improperly, are prone to various diseases. Hangnails are broken skin on the cuticle, (see appendix 1). When they are improperly removed, they are susceptible to microbial and viral infections producing whitlows. Saliva may then redden and infect the skin. Finally, it may also result in the transportation of bacteria that are buried under the surface of the nail, or pinworms from anus region to mouth. Nail biting is also related to dental problems, such as gingival injury (Nail Biting, 2010).

Pathology is the study of diseases that can cause abnormalities in the structure or function of various organ systems. These pathologies have been found in the human body by using radiographic imaging. Radiographic imaging is a technique that uses electromagnetic radiation other than visible light, especially X-rays, to view the internal structure of a non-uniformly composed and opaque

This is where ridges and patterns are formed and they this has been proofed through examination of children during the period of birth. Another important point to note is that these fingerprints do not undergo any changes even when people engage into accidents or grow old. They remain the same and they grow with the size of the body thus maintaining the same nature as before. Concerning the feature of the fingerprints, ridged valley in sizes between people and the same happens to patterns (Jeffreys, Wilson, Thein, Weatherall, & Ponder,1986).

Oxidation occurred in the nail with the sharp bend only after the bend and below. The pressure created by the nail prevented corrosion to occur readily further up the nail.