Physiology Assignment

Homeostasis is what allows our internal system to maintain at a constant condition. In order to maintain equilibrium the body must communicate using the control system. It is essential that the body monitors its conditions whether that be blood pressure, thirst sensation or body temperature (this is either gained or lost). Negative feedback is most important and comes first, this allows for the body to correct itself and get back to a set point when it is off track. There are three components that link with this feedback. A sensor (receptor) sends signals to the control center that something is unusual, the control center compares the many values of our normal body range and decides

The respiratory muscles will increase in strength as we do exercise and constantly use our respiratory muscles. The muscles like diaphragm and intercostals muscles. Also there will be an increase in diffusion rate that happens in our alveoli, blood vessels and in our lungs. Diffusion rate is how long it takes for the oxygen to be transferred from lungs to blood and then from blood to muscles. During exercise our body is in need of more oxygen, and as we exercise our body and muscles need more oxygen to get diffused into muscles so they can function properly. As a result of long term training the diffuse rate in our body gets better and becomes faster as the heart works more efficiently and more blood can be shunted round

Exercise increases heart rate by a process of sympathetic autonomic stimulation. Sympathetic (adrenergic) nerves increase the excitability of the sino-atrial node and reduce the P-R interval .As exercise continues, the physiological changes in the body are continuously monitored by a number of physiological systems and the balance of activity of the sympathetic system (speeding up) and the parasympathetic system (slowing down) is constantly adjusted. When exercise is over, the heart rate does not drop immediately as the body has to undergo a period of re adaption to return to the resting state.

You work in a small family practice in rural Virginia, (much better than Texas!). A man in his early 50s comes in with a complaint of intermittent fever (102-103 F) and headache for the past two weeks. The physician examines him and takes a history. The only clinical finding is a wound about the size of a quarter on his right thumb. Axillary lymph nodes are swollen and tender. The man says he cut himself while skinning a rabbit three days ago. On the basis of these observations the physician prescribes streptomycin and asks the man to call if his symptoms don’t improve in three days.

P4- Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body.

Homeostatic is all about balance so when you begin to exercise, you need more oxygen. The harder you breathe the more energy it takes to replace it. Your body temperature while exercising also increases; typically it creates too much heat so your body has to figure out a way to release the heat so it doesn't become dangerous. This is done by sweating

|Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) |A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that regulates skin |

As Jim’s muscles are at maximum demand, his mitochondria are unable to produce the needed ATP through aerobic respiration because oxygen is unable to diffuse fast enough into his muscle fibers. At this time anaerobic

Exercise affects these systems, causing the heart to pump blood faster around the body, which in turn allows you to exercise for longer. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/0_ anatomy_circulatorysys_rev1.shtml The four main parts of the cardiovascular system is the heart, the veins, capillaries and the arteries.

I have written to you today to express my sincere interest in joining the Veteran Affairs San Diego accredited Postgraduate Year 1 (PGY1) residency program. I recently had the distinct pleasure of getting to learn more about your program at California Society of Health- System Pharmacists (CSHP). I came away impressed with the opportunities offered at VA San Diego pharmacy residency program.

Define equilibrium potential: Equilibrium channels can be calculated using the Nernst Equation and the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. Equilibrium potentials are membrane potentials when an ion does not diffuse through the membrane. It is also associated with potassium leaving the cell through leak channels.

My junior year I had the opportunity to take an anatomy class.This, partnered with my psychology class, was one of the most fascinating classes I have taken in my high school careers. Learning about the human body fascinated me as it was something that was so applicable, something that related to how I live my life everyday.

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

Investigating the Effect of Exercise on Pulse Rate Aim: To see what happens to the pulse rate during exercise. Prediction: I predict that the pulse rate will increase in order to take more oxygen for respiration. The heartbeat will increase and become stronger to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the muscle cells. The breathing rate will increase in order to get rid of the extra waste such as Carbon dioxide. Respiration is the release of energy.

I predict that during exercise the heart and respiratory rate (RR) will increase depending on the intensity of exercise and the resting rates will be restored soon after exercise has stopped. I believe that the changes are caused by the increased need for oxygen and energy in muscles as they have to contract faster during exercise. When the exercise is finished the heart and ventilation rates will gradually decrease back to the resting rates as the muscles’ need for oxygen and energy will be smaller than during exercise.