Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)

From the time we are born till the time we die there is a muscle inside of us that is the root of our existence, it’s a muscle so dominant that we can actually hear and feel it throughout our growth, daily activities, and emotions of our everyday life.

In transport, patient received O2 at 4 liters via nasal cannula, baseline EKG, Normal Saline IV started in left hand, 325 mg aspirin by mouth (po). Patient complained she was short of breath and experiencing severe pain between her shoulder blades. She stated that she has been feeling nasuseated for the past 3 hours. She states she has a history of stable angina and is currently taking medication as needed. She states she did not take the nitroglycerin because she was not experiencing chest pain, just back pain. She states that her last check-up with the Pulmonologist showed that her EKG did not show any changes since her last visit. She denies episodes of syncope. The patient does report that she tripped over something on the floor, which resulted in her falling and hitting her back on a large table. In addition, she states that her heart rate has been ranging from 130/ 90 to 140/92. Patient states her Primary care physician placed her on blood pressure medication 2 months ago due to the increase.

The stimulant medications have been revealed to affect the prefrontal cortex of the brain that is responsible for making decisions, expressing one’s personality and paying attention (Basu). Stimulant medication affecting the prefrontal cortex gives the why it clears the symptoms of this disorder but not the how. The stimulant medication taken for ADHD increases the levels of the two neurotransmitters in the brain one being dopamine, which causes good feelings and may play a role in the creation of memories, and nonepinephrine that is linked to paying attention and arousal (Basu). The increased levels of these two neurotransmitters and the region of the brain they interact with being the prefrontal cortex show the how and why these stimulant medications could be an effective treatment. The ADHD medication treating the symptoms of this disorder remarkably well is one of the reasons proponents back up the practice of using the medication for treatment so fiercely.

The minority of physicians prefer non-stimulants as a solution. 38% of 365 physicians who completed a survey concluded that they preferred to prescribe a nonstimulant (Collingwood 2). The primary issue with non-stimulants is the fact that they’re more liable to cause depression and suicidal thoughts, especially in teenagers, which is primarily why non-stimulants aren’t the popular choice. There are two types of non-stimulants: norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, such as Strattera, which affect the behavioral control in the brain, and alpha-adrenergic agonists, such as Intuniv, which were developed to lower high blood pressure (Boorady 5). These two types of medications are similar in side effects concerning loss of appetite, drowsiness, and irritability. According to a survey on Treato, Intuniv received a review of very satisfied patients while patients using Strattera were moderately satisfied. A vast majority of those who used Strattera had great concern about the formula causing a feeling of depression while those using Intuniv were primarily concerned with weight gain and drowsiness caused by the lowering of the blood pressure. Around the age of 15, my parents sent me back to my physician to test a non-stimulant, and, due to the positive results, we chose to try Intuniv. Luckily, with the proper dosage, it actually worked, and to this day I still take it; of course, there are still some unwanted

Biomedical approach treats physical symptoms of disorder such as anxiety, panic attacks and depressions. It states the cause is due to physiological factors and not psychological. The DSM-IV (APA, 2000) & ICD-10 (WHO, 1992) can be used to diagnose Joseph’s condition (depression). Various scans and blood tests can be used to determine the course of biomedical approach (e.g. medications or ECT). However, by looking at Joseph’s symptoms, he may benefit from drug therapy. Anti-depressants (e.g. Prozac) or anti-anxiety (e.g. valium) drugs are fast-responsive treatment and can be used for short-time to reduce Joseph’s physical symptoms. However, they do not provide complete cure to the disorder (Macleod, 1998), and may lead to physiological and psychological addiction. It also has little effect on negative symptoms such as social withdrawal and apathy.

Thanks to organizations such as the Food and Drug Administration, we can be assured that the widespread implementation of nootropics would be both efficacious and beneficial. The widespread implementation of the utilization of these drugs by healthy and unhealthy individuals will result in a general increase of the cognition of the general public. This general increase in the cognition of the population will result in the ability of these individuals to achieve things which could not have been conceived prior to the implementation of these medical advances (Buchanan, 2011, p. 130). The following excerpt from Science and Engineering Ethics, a scientific journal which explores the ethics of multiple scientific fields of study, describes the effects of cognitive enhancement drugs on healthy individuals, “Stimulants enhance memory by increasing neuronal activation or by releasing neuromodulators, facilitating the synaptic changes that underlie learning” (Bostrom & Sandberg, 2002, p. 316). The net effects of these drugs help users concentrate and remain focused for longer periods of time. This increase in ability to concentrate directly results in its users being better able to comprehend, remember, and learn new information. These effects could result in a number of advancements being made by

On admission, he was taking 450mg/day of pregabalin to manage his neuropathic pain symptoms, and noted that it effectively reduced the sensations of numbness and burning within his neck, arms and legs, however he identified mild swelling in his extremities and weight gain as possible adverse effects from pregabalin treatment. With respect to the management of his headaches, nortriptyline therapy has decreased the frequency of his headaches from 5 to 2 episodes per week, but headache severity has remained unchanged, and typically rated at a 10/10. To treat the nociceptive and neuropathic pain, he is prescribed 90mg of duloxetine daily. He denies any history of depression or anxiety, however when asked about the drug’s effectiveness, he highlighted its positive effects on mood, noting that he is less emotional, less anxious and calmer since duloxetine therapy was initiated a year ago. These drug effects have allowed him to cope with the pain and stressful situations in his life more effectively. He notes that the immediate release morphine is not adequately controlling his breakthrough pain, and he also finds this medication to be constipating. He is uncertain whether Vimovo is providing him with any additional pain

Other short term effects include faster heart rate and breathing, increased blood pressure, dilated pupils, dry mouth, perspiration, and a feeling of superiority. More severe side effects include aggression and hostility, or even strange, incessant behavior. Flushing, tremors, and hallucinations are common of overdose. The effects of methylphenidate are often likened to those of cocaine and studies have shown similarities in the two. Both drugs have the ability to block dopamine transporters. The reuptake of catecholamines noradrenaline and dopamine are blocked, leaving them in the synapse in increased concentrations, promoting the elevation of mood and the feelings of alertness, well-being, verboseness, or superiority (1). In addition, a study using baboons showed that the regions of distribution of methylphenidate and cocaine in the brain are similar, and there is competition for binding sites between the two on the post-synaptic terminal (1).

in any case times, working-class signal assist deviate antitoxin provides ends when ragtag stop winning them. Increasingly, I besides regard researchers skeptical of the essential dose accusation wind chemical imbalances of serotonin explain why sundry people struggle with emotional disorders. Superficially, some of the master sage meander helter-skelter is a chemical dissimilarity of serotonin occupy in disorders such as depression is prowl specific medications promptly help. On the other hand, this is similar to adage digress if Tylonol sometimes helps you overcome a nuisance, meet headaches must be caused by a Tylonol imbalance. This doesn’t certainly not far outlandish extensively from the certainly digress analgesic medications cause be accessible in some acclimate, but it does suggest, at least, that the mechanisms by which antidepressants sometimes pretence are in question by out of the ordinary in the scientific community. According to the most former matter forgiven by the Spacious Center for Fitness Data, With reference to 11% of all Americans ancient 12 and older are taking an dull medicine for some reason. relating to 25% of American detachment superannuated 40 to 59 are taking an antidepressant. More than 60% of individuals taking an antidepressant attempt executed therefore for walk out on 2 age, and approximately 14% have been taking them for over 10 years. Many of these

As stated in the pervious paragraphs, each patient was given one dose of either 1.0 or 1.4 mg/kg of atomoxetine. Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant, (something that temporarily quickens the functional activity of some organ or part). Atomoxetine was given to the patients for 16 weeks, about 3 in a half months.

Everyone is exhausted and I know someone will come help”. I reviewed the chart. This patient condition seems eerily familiar; a young lady with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS). This particular female patient came to our clinic for IV hydration to treat her POTS. POTS is a condition in which a change from the supine position to an upright positin causes an abnormally large increase in heart rate (tachycardia) along with lightheadedness, fainting and a host of other unpleasant symptoms. I’m familiar with this condition because my oldest daughter was diagnosed with this condition at the Mayo Clinic when she was a teenager. This diagnosis was only the beginning of a long journey through the healthcare

Chemicals normally present in the body, blood or interstitial fluid influence the heart rate. “Heart rate, or heart pulse, is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of heartbeats per unit of time -typically beats per minute” (Medterms 2012) Substances that increase a heart rate are called stimulants. Substances that decrease the heart rate are called depressants. In this lab the students recorded information on the effects of stimulants and depressants on a Daphne. An example of depressants would be a sleeping pill. For clinical use a lot of consumers take this in order to decrease heart rate and to sleep better. Antianxiety medications affect people who have severe anxiety disorders. “Medications that act as depressants are able to imped this anxiety causing brain activity, thus relieving anxiety symptoms.” (Live strong quote) An example of a stimulant would be adrenaline. Adderall is a great example of a stimulant for clinical use. This drug helps people who are diagnosed with

Another mistake found in Elizabeth medications is that she is taking both Digoxin and Norpace CR. They are both antiarrhythmics. Antiarrhythmics should not be taken together. Elizabeth should be taken off the Norpace CR entirely. The Digoxin should be her only medication for her supreventriculer trachycardia. The Norpace has anticholinergic effects and also has a drug- drug interaction with Amitriptyline, her antidepressant. The Digoxin has none of those detrimental properties because it is a digitalis glycoside, instead of a class 1 antiarrhythmic. Lastly, the Digoxin will loosen her stools instead of making her constipation worse.

Before a medication change, my doctors, primary care, psychiatrist, and cardiologist, must be informed and in agreement. One wouldn't think heart drugs would cause a big fuss, but anytime my body's chemistry is altered, it's a toss-up how it will affect my brain. The warning label's telling you not to drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how this medication will affect you? Please,

A non-stimulant treatment, atomoxetine, interacts with norepinephrine transporters, increasing the synaptic concentration of norepinephrine. In a study conducted again to