Preparation of 4-bromoaniline
Introduction
Aromatic compounds tend to undergo electrophilic aromatic substitutions rather than addition reactions. Substitution of a new group for a hydrogen atom takes place via a resonance-stabilized carbocation. As the benzene ring is quite electron-rich, it almost always behaves as a nucleophile in a reaction which means the substitution on benzene occurs by the addition of an electrophile. Substituted benzenes tend to react at predictable positions. Alkyl groups and other electron-donating substituents enhance substitution and direct it toward the ortho and para positions. Electron-withdrawing substituents slow the substitution and direct it toward the meta positions.
Aromatic compounds also undergo
…show more content…
Aniline 93.1 10 0.107 Yes
Ethanoic anhydride 102.1 12 0.118 No
Glacial ethanoic acid 60.1 25 0.416 No
No. moles produced by aniline = 0.107 moles
Theoretical mass of N-phenylethanamide = n*MR = 0.107 × 135 = 14.44g
Percentage yield = actual yield (g)/theoretical yield (g) × 100 = (11.9/14.44) × 100 = 82%
For preparation of N-(4-bromophenyl) ethanamide:
Product RMM Volume used/ g Volume used/ mL Moles used Limiting reagent?
N-phenylethanamide 135.2 5 0.0370 No
Bromine 159.8 2.1 0.0131 Yes
No. moles produced by bromine = 0.0131 moles
Theoretical mass of N-(4-bromophenyl) ethanamide = n*MR = 0.0131 × 159.8 = 2.10 g
Percentage yield = actual yield (g)/theoretical yield (g) × 100 = (5.00/2.10) × 100 = 238%
For preparation of 4-bromoaniline:
Product RMM Volume used/ g Volume used/ mL Moles used Limiting reagent?
N-(4-bromophenyl) ethanamide 214.1 5 0.0234 Yes
Hydrochloric acid 36 50 5.00 No
No. moles produced by N-(4-bromophenyl) ethanamide = 0.0234 moles
Theoretical mass of 4-bromoaniline= n*MR = 0.0234 × 214.1 = 5.01 g
Percentage yield = actual yield (g)/theoretical yield (g) × 100 = (1.60/5.01) × 100 = 32%
Discussion
The preparation of N-phenylethanamide from aniline was the first step of the experiment.
The statement that Identifies my choice from the AACN BSN Essentials that all health professions are challenged to educate future clinicians to deliver patient - centered care as members of an Interprofessional team , emphasizing communication, evidence-based practice, quality improvement approaches, and informatics. (IOM, 2003).
1 and 2) In this experiment, Sn2 nucelophilic substitution between an unknown nucleophile solution and the known reagents benzyl bromide and NaOH occurred to form a benzyl ether product. 3) Refluxing, recrystallization, melting point, and TLC were used to purify and identify the products of the reaction. 4)
9. If you went too far past the end point, please record the results of your trial. Include all sets of data in
2a. Consumers would certainly see a hike in prices on the imported product and in turn could affect the consumer’s ability to afford neither the domestic made clothing nor foreign made clothing.
Introduction This experiment was undertaken in order to create stilbene dibromide. Bromine is added through electrophilic addition in attacking the double bond. This experiment was also executed to determine the stereochemistry of this addition reaction, whether it created meso products or d,l products. Data and Results Initially, 0.9 grams of stilbene were added to the solution.
Zinc chloride is an ionic compound. An ionic compound is made up of two elements, a metal and non-metal. They also consist of positive and negative ions. When an ionic compound is formed the ions bond to make a zero charge. The second element (the non-metal) is named by adding –ide to the end of it, providing it is a monatomic ion. The mixture of zinc chloride contains a metal (zinc) and a non-metal (chloride). Zinc has a charge of +2 and Chlorine has a charge of -1, so it consists of a positive and negative ion. Thus when zinc and chlorine combine, it actually takes 2 chlorine ions to bond with 1 zinc ion. This would give the formula a zero charge, and also make it an ionic compound. Finally, the name of the non-metal ion is chlorine, in this experiment it becomes chloride, adding –ide to the end also is proof it is an ionic compound since this is a bond between a metal and non-metal, and since there is no prefix in the name.
Additionally, creating a dry environment for the reaction tried to reduce the formation of side products. One possible side product was benzene, which was formed during the protonation of the carbanion on the benzene ring during the formation of the Grignard reagent4. The carbanion was very basic meaning that if there was any water in the glassware or moist air in the environment, some of the carbanion will be protonated by the water creating benzene instead of
Explain how the ecosystem was affected by the missing species for each round of the demonstration.
49 is the max amount of viewers available in slide - if you aren’t adding please allow others to
A unimolecular nucleophilic substitution or SN1 is a two-step reaction that occurs with a first order reaction. The rate-limiting step, which is the first step, forms a carbocation. This would be the slowest step in the mechanism. The addition of the nucleophile speeds up the reaction and stabilizes the carbocation. This reaction is more favorable with tertiary and sometimes secondary alkyl halides under strong basic or acidic conditions with secondary or tertiary alcohols. In this experiment, the t-butyl halide underwent an SN1 reaction. Nucleophiles do not necessarily effect the reaction because the nucleophile is considered zero order, (which makes it a first order reaction.) The ion that should have the strongest effect in an SN1 reaction is the bromide ion. The bromide ion should be stronger because it has a lower electronegativity than chloride as well as a smaller radius.
The main method to manufacture ethyl ethanoate is the esterification of ethanol with acetic acid. A mixture of acetic acid and ethanol with a small amount of sulphuric acid is preheated and put into an esterfying column in which it refluxed. When the mixture is removed it goes to a second reflux column where 85% of acetate is removed. Then the water is mixed with the distillate \and then separated into two layers. One of the top layer is fed into the refluxing column from where the residue which contains 95% of ethyl acetate is distilled to remove any
In order to become a Neuropsychologist you have to obtain many different skills such as reading comprehension, active listening, critical thinking, social perceptiveness, complex problem solving, writing, speaking, science, active learning, judgement and decision making, instructing, service orientation, learning strategies, monitoring, system analysis, systems evaluation, time management, coordination and persuasion. Each and every one of these skills is just as important as one or the other. By having all these skills it will help To become successful in helping your clients. There is a lot of education involved in becoming an aspiring neuropsychologist. The first step is to earn a bachelors degree which is four years long, after that you complete a masters degree of another two years, then the last and final step is to earn a PHD or PsyD which can take another two to four years. So overall you are looking at spending 8-10 years in college if your heart is truly set on becoming a neuropsychologist. The duties and responsibilities of a neuropsychologist may vary depending on their specialties. Some Neuropsychologists, for instance work primarily as researchers. This might involve studying both healthy humans as well as animals, and those with brain injuries and or illnesses. Neuropsychologists might also work in clinical settings as well. This typically involves assessing and diagnosing patients. This
"Explore how time and place are used in the prescribed speeches to shape the audience's understanding of how knowledge of the past sheds light on the present" - HSC 2013
Being a partner is "a strong motivating factor," "You're not just an employee; you are an owner of the business. That makes you feel differently about everything."(Tom Miller department store director at JMP)
Have you ever stopped to think how many different medications one has to take to be at risk for polypharmacy? Is polypharmacy a matter of too much medications at one time or, can it be a complex medication regimen that is being used to treat side by side health problems? Polypharmacy has many different meanings such as, more than five medications taken by an individual on an everyday basis. Another description may be multiple medications that are taken to treat one or more conditions within an individual. In either case, polypharmacy among the elderly “represent one of the fastest growing segments of the population” (AGBONJINMI, L. A., 2017).