Principal Component Analysis ( Pca )

Abstract: During this lab, the pH of water in soil from a man made garden, a deciduous forest, and a river bank were tested after leaving it in containers for one, two, and three hours, coming out to a total of three trials with three different soils all together. After testing the pH of the water when being added to the soil for the desired amount of time and comparing it to the original water with no soil added, is then when each pH difference was observed and recorded in a a notebook, while pictures were taken of the experiment being conducted.

The water in urban wellfields is contaminated with saltwater since the water flow had changed direction. The water also contains high levels of nutrients (particularly phosphorous) because of runoff from the developed areas.

In this experiment water quality and contamination of groundwater were investigated. First, I will observe the effects that many pollutants have on groundwater. I predict that in this experiment the oil and vinegar will create the largest quality of contamination to the water, while the laundry detergent will just create a bad smell to it. Considering the smells and thickness to these ingredients I think that it will cause the water quality to have a bad smell and cause the water to be very cloudy. Once filtering the contaminated water, the water will be clear and purified. Second, I

Groundwater pollution is a major problem that is growing in all over the world. Of course the united states America also facing this problem. People of Mississippi State are worried about groundwater pollution due to the several human activities. Groundwater is a main source of their water supply. Disposal of solid waste in landfills is an economic option for many municipalities in developing countries where alternatives like incineration and composting are costly. However, groundwater pollution from the leachate generated within the landfill and migrating through the bottom liner material into the underlying groundwater aquifers remains a major public health concern I studied chemical parameters of groundwater in Alcorn State University as a part of my project.

Fluoride can be found most commonly within our drinking water supply. We have added 1 part of fluoride per million parts of water for dental purposes (Kanduti, Sterbenk & Artnik, 2016). Fluoride in our water supplies is not just only a result of human intervention but it can be found naturally within them. Surface water levels of fluoride were found to be an average of 0.2 parts per million parts of water (ATSDR, 2003). While well water ranges greatly from this, 0.02 to 1.5ppm (ATSDR, 2003). Due to this, we are now exposed to it on a consistent basis and it is rather hard to

Groundwater samples will be analyzed using the methods presented at the top of Table 1. EPA approved instrumentation methods will be used in the standard analysis of VOCs (Method 8260), total metals (Method 7470 for Mercury and Method 6010 for all other PP metals), and SVOCs (Method 8270) which are published by EPA and routinely performed by most commercial laboratories. These methods with associated instruments, and method detection limits (MDL), and sample hold times are briefly summarized as follows:

Broadly, conducting factor analysis (FA) allows a researcher to analyze or interpret his or her data (e.g., measured variables) by reducing those variables into factors or components that underlie the structure or explain the greatest amount of variance in the data (Thompson, 2004). Thompson (2004) also tells us that FA may be used for many purposes, the most common of which is to uncover a relationship between variables, to develop “theory regarding the nature of constructs” (p. 5), or to evaluate the validity of observed scores. To accomplish this analysis, the researcher uses statistical software, such as the Statistical Package for

However, when Pb and As were added to Cd-spiked soil one after another, intestinal bioaccessibility of Cd in KBA and TAA soils increased relative to soils spiked with single Cd at the early stage of aging (data in Table 4.5 marked with *). In contrast, bioaccessibility of As and Pb were not influenced by the presence of Cd. Compared to binary mixtures of As, Cd and Pb, the co-existence of As, Cd and Pb in the same soil sample may lead to competitive sorption on soils due to the increased loading of metals/metalloid. Prior studies have noted that Pb was absorbed in preference to Cd thus increasing the observed solubility of Cd (Serrano et al., 2005; Appel et al., 2008). In this study, this preference was reflected on the observation that bioaccessibility of Pb in four types of soils was stable after 7 days aging, which indicates fast reaction between Pb and soil components. Besides, strong affinity of As to organic carbon, Fe oxide and Al oxide has been extensively reported (Solaiman et al., 2009; Komarek et al., 2013). Therefore, there was a high

Water quality of springs in Lebanon varies from location to another. In this report, the location has been set to be in Western Lebanese Mountains, at 500 m altitude. Based on study done by May A.Massoud (faculty of health and sciences, AUB) on Damour River, which reflects similar circumstances of this report study ,the water quality index(WQI) has been calculated over 10 sampling sites during 5 years (2005-2009) and the results are shown in the following table:

Environmental pollution is amajor crisis that we are facing today. Due to the increased urbanization and industrialization surface water pollution has become a crucial problem. It is necessary to obtain precise and appropriate information to monitor the quality of any water resource and to develop a tool to predict and summarize the quality and their usefulness (Mohammadet al.,2010).

Outcomes consistent with the first alternative will be performed by analyzing data collected from the investigation, producing iso-concentration maps, and calculating contaminant mass contributed to Wells G & H and mass remaining in the subsurface and may result in additional remedial investigations to evaluate remedial alternative and project ultimate cleanup costs. If no isotopic ratios closely match those of DNAPL collected from the properties of the three primary PRPs that would indicate that flow from the Aberjona River and sources further up gradient may have contributed chlorinated organic compounds found in the wells.

Groundwater is water that is contained underground in the soil, or in the pores of a rock. For some places, groundwater is vital. In others, it’s just an additional water source. Pollution is a harmful substance that is introduced to an environment. Groundwater isn’t exactly polluted in the sense that toxic waste seeps into it, but that it is mixed in with other types of water that is exposed to the surface. As for the overexploitation of groundwater, this paper will introduce ways to prevent it.

Groundwater resources play an important role in human health and ecological perspectives but groundwater pollution continues to be a problem worldwide.

Interactions between groundwater and surface water are complex. Consequently, groundwater pollution, sometimes referred to as groundwater contamination, is not as easily classified as surface water pollution.[7] By its very nature, groundwater aquifers are susceptible to contamination from sources that may not directly affect surface water bodies, and the distinction of point vs. non-point source may be irrelevant. A spill or ongoing releases of chemical or radionuclide contaminants into soil (located away from a surface water body) may not create point source or non-point source pollution, but can contaminate the aquifer below, defined as a toxin plume. The movement of the plume, a plume front, can be part of a Hydrological transport model or Groundwater model. Analysis of groundwater contamination may focus on the soil characteristics and site geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, and the nature of the contaminants.

Based on the overview of the sample’s constituents, another filter condition was added to pick out the most abundant compounds in the soil samples. According to the