Procedures for Establishing Validity and Reliability
For the Denison organizational culture survey instrument to be considered a valid instrument, that instrument “must first pass a psychometric test to make certain that individual respondents can discern the underlying structure proposed by the theory” (Denison, Nieminen, & Kotrba, 2014, p. 27). Then, “the respondents within each…must show a high level of agreement in order to claim that organizational characteristics are being measured” (Denison, Nieminen, & Kotrba, 2014, p. 27). As well as “the organizational level characteristics must show a close link to the organizational level outcomes suggested by the model or in the case of diagnostic instruments, organizational effectiveness”
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34). According to Denison (1995), eight items on the survey showed “good convergent and discriminant validity for the four traits, presented in two dimensions” (p. 217).
To test validity and reliability, “extensive psychometric testing” (Casida, 2008, p. 109), was “conducted by Cho (2000) using a sample of 36,542 raters from diverse organizations” (Casida, 2008, p. 109), and according to the study, by Cho (2000) “coefficient alphas for the twelve indexes ranged from .70 to .85 indicating an acceptable level of internal consistency” (p. 13). Casida (2008) revealed “in Cho’s (2000) work, exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic results such as a confirmatory factor index (CFI) of 0.99, suggest a robust construct validity of DOCS scales and items” (p. 109). In the survey, “item-total correlations exceeded .50 for over two-thirds of the 60 items in the survey” (Denison, Nieminen, & Kotrba, 2014, p. 29).
Threats to Internal Validity
The four traits of the Denison organizational culture survey “are summary characteristics of an organization 's culture and the processes by which culture may have an impact on effectiveness” (Denison & Mishra 1995 220). Denison, Haaland, & Goelzer (2004) opined “one of the most difficult challenges for the field of international management is the application of theories and models developed in one
Values and Motives Questionnaire: The Technical Manual (n.d.). Retrieved from the Liberty COUN 521 website: Psytech International.
Culture is an observable, powerful force in any organization. “Made up of its members’ shared values, beliefs, symbols, and behaviors, culture guides individual decisions and actions at the unconscious level. As a result, it can have a potent effect on a company’s well-being and success” (One Page, n.d.).
The Values and Motives Questionnaire, also known as the Values and Motives Inventory, is designed to examine a person’s motivation in relation to his values and activities. In order to ensure a comprehensive understanding of values, the VMQ assess three distinct areas, including: interpersonal, intrinsic, and extrinsic. Interpersonal values, according to the VMQ refer to one’s relationships with others. Intrinsic values contain one’s personal beliefs and attitudes. Finally, extrinsic values are one’s motivating factors at the workplace. Each of these three areas contain twelve topics
Every country differs in culture which has been there for centuries. The international market is growing rapidly, with more and more multinational organisations entering new markets each day. In this assignment I will evaluate how the difference in cultures affects the performance of international businesses.
The organization culture as a leadership concept has been identified as one of the many components that leaders can use to grow a dynamic organization. Leadership in organizations starts the culture formation process by imposing their assumptions and expectations on their followers. Once culture is established and accepted, they become a strong leadership tool to communicate the leader 's beliefs and values to organizational members, and especially new comers. When leaders promote ethical culture, they become successful in maintaining organizational growth, the good services demanded by the society, the ability to address problems before they become disasters and consequently are competitive against rivals. The leader 's success will depend to a large extent, on his knowledge and understanding of the organizational culture. The leader who understands his organizational culture and takes it seriously is capable of predicting the outcome of his decisions in preventing any anticipated consequences. What then is organizational culture? The concept of organizational culture has been defined from many perspectives in the literature. There is no one single definition for organizational culture. The topic of organizational culture has been studied from many perspectives and disciplines, such as anthropology, sociology, organizational behavior, and organizational leadership to name a few. Deal defines organizational culture as values,
Evaluating human services is a task that can be very complex. People can have different interpretations of the same event. Another concern is that people are not always honest. Therefore, human services will gain from effective, high quality evaluations of data collection methods. This requires that the data collection methods supply accurate and dependable information. This paper will define and describe 2 concepts of measurement known as reliability and validity,-provide examples and supporting facts as to how these concepts apply to data collection in human services, and evaluate the importance of the validity and
Internally, organizational culture, a set of important assumptions that members of an organization share in common, should be established to provide meaning, direction, and a basis for action (Pearce & Robinson, 2004). The organization would benefit if leaders promote and identify key themes and dominant values within the organization to reinforce competitive advantage they seek to maintain and build (Pearce & Robinson, 2004).
Within the field of management, the success and failure of the modern business organisation has been largely depicted by the intricate concept of culture. Organisational culture, a concept borrowed from borrowed mostly from anthropology typically is defined as a complex set of values, beliefs, assumptions and symbols that define the way in which an organisation conducts and manages its business (Barney 1986). Management is not just an act of change, but the responsibility for and control of a company or similar organisation (Willmott 1983). It is the management of organisational culture that merely drives the
Cross Cultural management explains the behaviour of people in organizations worldwide, helping managers and firms to understand how to act in business matters dealing with the different cultures. (Adler, 2008)
Any threat to validity and reliability could be detrimental to the research and data obtained. Researchers need to assure there are no errors in the research study. Validity refers to the credibility and believability of a particular research (University of California Davis, n.d.). Validity is an entire experimental concept that is first analyzed and then expressed whether the results meet all the requirements of the scientific research method (Shuttleworth, 2016). Reliability is the degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results (Phelan & Wren, 2006). This is achieved when the same research is done under identical circumstances by someone else and yields same results. Errors could come from the individual conducting
Culture is one of the terms that have been becoming more familiar in the 21st century among the multinational companies all around the world. The world has been shrunken by the fasting travelling and communicating technologies which has brought down the barriers for the organisations having business in international market. But still then there are few barriers that make the international business critical and hard for everyone to succeed in it. This is due to the factor that the businesses have direct influence over the culture that is followed in the respective country where the business is carried out. So it would be interesting to
Cultural differences between countries have strong effects on individual personality and behavior, as well as on organizational culture (Hofstede 2001). These differences can be a significant barrier for an international business leader. Failure to understand and adapt to these differences may
With the unstoppable trend of globalisation, it becomes extremely significant for international businesses to have a thorough understanding of different cultures. Hofstede (1980, pp. 21-23) defines culture as ‘the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from another’. This essay examines Hofstede’s cultural framework and suggests that Hofstede’s cultural framework is an outstanding and authoritative tool to analyze culture differences. In this essay, cultural frameworks will be discussed firstly, following by a discussion of my cultural scores and background. Finally, recommendations on cross-cultural management between China and Australia will be provided.
Using appropriate theories critically analyse the role of culture in International Business. Support your answer by quoting relevant examples from the case study.
There are four major culture types within an organization, namely the Clan, Adhocracy, Hierarchy and the Market (Kim & Quinn, 1999). These four cultures are translated into a model, named the Competing Values Framework. This framework shows the cultures, organized between two dimensions. The framework shows which culture coincides with which dimension, to show the effectiveness of the organization and the organizational culture.