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Protecting Against Terrorist Attacks in Urban Environments: Explosion Protection for Buildings

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Introduction
Blast protection, until recently, has only needed to be considered when constructing underground shelters and military bunkers. Currently, however, there is a need for urban buildings and similar structures used consistently by the general public to withstand forces from nearby explosions. This need is due to the recent climb in terrorist attacks in urban or crowded environments. These attacks have used the lack of blast resistance in these buildings as a means for creating widespread havoc through detonating an improvised explosive device (IED). These devices range from explosives planted inside a structure to roadside or vehicular bombs. An urban environment causes even relatively small explosions to be extremely potent …show more content…

Structures that collapse in an urban environment result in casualties inside the building and also result in collateral damage that may cause nearby structures to also collapse. This effect was seen in the collapse of the World Trade Center in New York City, although this collapse was not a result of the initial explosion. Had the towers not collapsed, it is estimated that close to half of the deaths could have been prevented (Dwyer). It is therefore vitally important for buildings that suffer damage from explosions to remain structurally stable for as long as
Building description Pressure (psi) Damage description

Steel frame–metal building 1.25
1.50

2.50

5.00 Metal siding anchorage failure
Sheeting torn off and internal walls damaged. Danger from falling objects
Building stands, but cladding and internal walls destroyed as frames distort
Building completely destroyed
Unreinforced masonry bearing wall system 1.00
1.25
1.50
3.00 Partial collapse of walls that have no fenestrations
Walls and roof partially collapse
Complete collapse
Building completely destroyed
Steel or concrete frame with unreinforced masonry or infill cladding 1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
5.00 Failure of incident wall face
Walls pushed in
Roof slab collapse
Complete frame collapse
Building completely destroyed
Reinforced concrete or masonry shear all building 4.00
6.00
12.0 Roof and wall deflect under loading. Internal walls damaged
Building has major

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