Providing for homeland security in the United States requires protection from a diverse set of threats. One prominent avenue of attack is via maritime routes, yet the nature of the coastal marine space makes it extremely difficult to detect and intercept smuggling vessels. Many sensing technologies exist for detection of seacraft, but there are few options for deployment of these sensors. Currently, such sensors are deployed on various manned vessels, tethered buoys, and aircraft. Development and testing of purpose built anti-submarine systems such as DARPA’s ASW Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV) (more colorfully known as the “ghost hunter”), is underway but suffers from high cost.
The coastal marine space surrounding the United States is vast. Poor access to supporting resources such as fuel or communications, means manned patrol vessels face challenges with monitoring resolution, mission endurance, crew comfort, and information relay. A combination of low cost autonomous vessels and buoys, both at the surface and underwater, can help mitigate these issues. However, existing systems have varying capabilities that make each suited to particular types of tasks.
Background
While smuggling via watercraft goes back thousands of years, only recently have smugglers used submarine and low radar profile watercraft. The interception of the first submarine smuggling narcotics in 2006 proved that intruding vessels are a real threat. Since that first detection, many more similar
The role of Homeland Security originated from the Founding Fathers, under the United States Constitution, that created a system and gave the primary role of homeland security to state and local governments (Oliver, 2007). When state and local governments became overwhelmed and could no longer effectively deal with a crisis then homeland security government would assist those governments (Oliver, 2007). The relationship was created through the United States Constitution in Article 4, Section 4, which declared that “the United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a Republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence” (U.S. Constitution, 2015) (Oliver, 2007). President John F. Kennedy was elected 1961, and made it a priority to necessitate organizational changes with homeland security (Oliver, 2007). President John F. Kennedy felt that local governments were doing little if anything to prepare for natural disasters and civil defense (Oliver, 2007). This became a priority for the Kennedy administration, and the office of civil and Defense mobilization was split into two agencies that became known as the Office of Emergency Planning and the Office of Civil Defense (Oliver, 2007).
ASDIC gave no advance warning of a U-boat and thus there was no opportunity to reroute a convoy away from the danger. However, advances in technology meant that by 1942 the escorts would have several more means of detection. One such method was radar. By May 1942, 236 ships carried centimetric radar, an accurate radar using a wavelength of 10cm and able to detect a U-boat at a distance of several miles. This was important because it allowed convoys to make a course away the U-boat but more significantly it enabled escorts to home in and attack.
After completing the entry of a package of six Russian kilos on January 20, 2017, Vietnam has officially become a member of the "submarine club". With the existing six submarines, Vietnam's ability to defend and control territorial waters has increased significantly. However, with the topographic features of the South China Sea, kilos can not work effectively in certain areas such as estuaries, bays or islands, this is necessary for the purpose of Vietnam's sea defense in the current geopolitical situation. So, sooner or later, the second submarine brigade, that is based on high mobility mini submarine that replenishing the existing six Kilos, must be established . This paper will demonstrate that mini submarines are
1. Is the "war on terrorism" truly a war? In your opinion, how has the New Terrorism affected and redefined how nations pursue warlike options?
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security was formed more than a decade ago with a very significant mission of safeguarding America's homeland from hazards, threats, and national disasters. This department conducts its mission through securing the country's borders, preventing terror attacks, and responding to incidents or threats to its citizens (Miller, n.d.). Generally, the most important roles of the Department of Homeland Security are to lead a concerted national effort in securing the United States and preserving the American way of life. The department was established in 2002 in reaction to the 9/11 terror attacks and has since developed a nationwide strategic plan for evaluating and updating its mission statement and effectiveness of operations. These plans can be updated and transformed to accomplish the needs of the Department for Homeland Security and the American people.
This degree will assist me in my future career goals because there are not any other degrees like this one. I am applying to the Homeland Security-Information Security and forensics option because I think this will provide the extra knowledge I will need to go far in the workforce. I want to work to protect this great nation and I want to come in prepared to take on any challenges that arise on a daily bases. I am graduating with a BS in Security risk Analysis-Cyber Security and it has given me a great introduction along with a solid base of what security is and how to establish it. Now, I would like to get a more in depth learning opportunity, focusing on security. I am excited and eager to take this next step in my college career at Pennsylvania
The idea of securing the nation’s borders and securing the safety of the citizens has been a major topic since the beginning of the nation’s existence. There have always been means and procedures for it but it was never defined to the point it is today. The Homeland Security Department is a fairly new program which is constantly improving and adjusting in accordance to the threats that may arise. In the attempt to secure the United States, homeland security has become paramount and a lot of emphasis is being provided so as to ensure the safety of the borders and the citizens of the United States. So one must ponder what the difference between homeland security and homeland defense are since they both tend to mean the same
“If you touch my junk, I’m going to have you arrested”! This was the response from airport traveler, John Tyner, after a TSA agent explained the “groin check” pat down search he was about to undergo. The TSA agent explained to Tyner, “I am going to place my hand on your hip, my other hand on you inner thigh. Slowly go up and slide down” (Weber, 2010). His aforementioned response went viral. Complaints and lawsuits from travelers worldwide have been steadily flowing the office of the Director of Homeland Security. Never should a citizen of this great country have to stand silent while their loved one is violated by a TSA pat-down search. Never should a citizen of this great country have to expose an X-ray image of their naked body
COTSbot, which operates autonomously, recently performed well on trial test and its creators plan to deploy it in December. Until then, the robot needs to be tested on the reef.
i. These vehicles could be used to collect data for climate research, ocean exploration, offshore oil exploration and production and even surveillance of pipelines and telecommunications.
The first reason ROVs are valuable is they have great measuring capabilities. While critics may argue that they don’t, they are not accurate. According to livescience.com, profiling buoys can measure chemical signatures. According to the writers at livescience.com,
Within the areas of Homeland Security and Homeland Defense lie specific primary missions, tasks, duties, and responsibilities of each. The primary missions, tasks, duties, and responsibilities of Homeland Security and Defense include preventing terrorism and enhancing security, securing and managing our borders, and enforcing immigration laws. In addition to those missions, a new and evolving mission is that of cybersecurity. In the future, is the department ready to tackle these tasks? The department has done a great job at preventing an attack ever since the attacks of 9/11. What types of challenges are faced in the future? The tools that are needed are there, it all depends on how the department moves forward and implements these actions.
AUV’s are improving and technologically advancing to allow scientists and deep-sea researchers to explore the vast unknown of the underwater world. AUV’s are automated underwater vehicles that can explore bodies of water without the influence of an external control source. Although AUV’s have made much progression in the engineering world our research shows that they still need improving. The engineering element is not the only aspect that goes into making AUV’s, but also comes with a variety of other factors including the region in which
“Submarine design was revolutionized between 1945 and 1960. Far-reaching changes in hull design, electronic sensors, power plants, and weapons transformed the World War II submarine, a surface craft that could submerge briefly underwater, into the Cold War submarine, a fast, long-range underwater boat that rarely needed to surface at all.”(Boyne)
The interest and research works based on autonomous underwater vehicle has increased a lot in recent years. Because of the mass applications of AUVs for security, maintenance as well as under water research works it is really