Psychological Disorders: The Role Of Autism In Children

Diagnosis. The earliest indicators of autism are impairments of verbal and nonverbal communication. A child with autism will have difficulties responding to their name, smiling and making eye contact, babbling or cooing by twelve months, and using single or two word phrases by twenty-four months (NIMH, n.d.). A proper diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is a two part process. The child is first given a general screening to check for developmental issues. If the child is not making satisfactory developmental progress according to his or her age group, the child would be referred for additional screening. At this stage, the child will need to be screened to check for specific symptoms of autism. The screening can be based solely on the parent’s observation of the

Autism was founded by Leo Kanner; Kanner distributed his first paper distinguishing mentally unbalanced adolescents in 1943, declaring he had seen such kids subsequent to 1938. Before Kanner saw and recorded a theme of side effects, such kids would be delegated candidly aggravated or rationally slowed down. Kanner watched that these adolescents frequently exhibited abilities that demonstrated that they were not just moderate learners; thus far they didn 't fit the examples of sincerely bothered kids. In this manner he designed another class, which he called Early Infantile Autism, which has subsequently to once in a while been called Kanner 's Syndrome.

Autism was discovered 60 years ago it has been puzzling, fascinating and massively researched. In 2001 the University of Birmingham in collaboration with the West Midlands Autistic Society and the Autism Services Accreditation Programme initiated the journal Good Autism Practice. Along with many publications by parent organizations. While it was at first thought that autism might be an early form of childhood schizophrenia, by 1979 this idea was left and deserted. Schizophrenia is a long term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the reaction between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to inaccurate perception inappropriate actions delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation. Changing the title and scope of the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder in 1979 its then editors, Eric Schopler, Michel Rutter and Stella Chess, Stressed Knner’s emphasis on developmental distortions in autism, the increasing evidence of links between autism and other developmental disorders, as well as the association of autism with specific medical conditions. The journal was from then and on concerned with a wider range of development issues to clarify the similarities and differences between the various distortions of the developmental process (Wolff, S. 2004).

Leo Kanner, a doctor at Johns Hopkins Hospital and the first self-described child-psychiatrist, first described what we now know to be autism in his 1943 paper titled, "Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact." He described a disorder similar to, but distinct from childhood schizophrenia. Autism, taken from symptoms of schizophrenia, described withdrawn symptoms or social interaction problems, and was included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Ed. (DSM-III) under the name Infantile Autism in 1980. This was later changed to autism in the revised DSM-III in 1987. The authors indicated that some camps still considered autism a schizophrenic disorder, and that infantile autism

Many children have to live their entire lives under the shadow of a disorder that entirely alters the typical life of a person. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a common neurobehavioral disorder that is caused during prenatal development. This specific disorder affects 1 in 68 children in Canada and is increasing every single year. “More children will be diagnosed with autism this year than with AIDS, diabetes, and cancer combined” (KenCrest). Children who are affected often don’t get diagnosed until the late years of elementary school; Parents, caregivers, and teachers need to know how to recognise Autism so affected children can get the help they require as soon as possible.

In the early 1960s up until today, autism has gradually increased within the number of reports and diagnoses of children. As scientists and doctors continue their research of the increases in autism cases, the more children became diagnosed with this illness. Autism is known as a “medical puzzle” because throughout the decades numerous studies and research were done on children to see if they the diagnosis were accurate. “Traditionally, autism is diagnosed with behavioral tests that assess whether kids are meeting developmental milestones, such as talking, interacting with their parents and siblings, and

Leo Kanner was the first person that identified about autism. His description about autism ‘Autistic disturbances of effective contract’ was published in

Autism is developmental disability condition that was discovered by Leo Kanner , an American child psychiatrist , in 1943. Dr. Kanner was observing a group of children who expressed some social and behavior problem, communication deficiencies and mental retardation. After his observation, he identified the disease as organic disorder distinguished by deformities in the brain structure and roles, especially the cerebellum and limbic system .The currency of autism has been growing over the last decade. Males

Although some seem harmless, others appear to be harsher. The main symptom shows the child having social-interaction difficulties. Developing infants naturally are social, for example, they grab fingers, stare at faces, and turn toward voices by 2-3 months. Many infants with Autism in the 8-10 month period show symptoms of failing to respond to their names, and a non interest in baby talk or people. Another symptom portrays repetitive behavior. This behavior includes hand-flapping, rocking, arranging and rearranging objects, and repeating sounds, words, or phrases. In more severe cases, some kids spend hours lining up toys in a specific way instead of playing with them. If even one toy is messed up, the child likely has an emotional tantrum. Lastly, a symptom contains communication problems. When language begins to develop, the person with autism may use speech in unusual ways. Some have difficulty combining words into meaningful sentences. They may speak only single words or repeat the same phrase over and over (2).

Leo Kanner was the first person that identified about autism. His description about autism ‘Autistic disturbances of effective contract’ was published in 1943. His description was talk about early infantile autism. Second person that published his description about this topic was an Austrian medical student named Hans Asperger in 1944 one year later after Leo Kanner description paper published. ‘Autistic psychopathy in children’ was the title for his publication and describes more about childhood autistic

With a slight increase of knowledge about the disability, researchers searched for reasons of the causes of autism. According to Bruno Bettelheim, he claimed that mothers not being affectionate enough, demonstrating coldness towards their children caused the Autism. Kanner and Bettelheim worked together to prove their hypothesis that children who were diagnosis with autism had mothers who were fridge and unloving towards them (Mandal, 2009). They conducted many different experiments to prove this theory; they even would separate the children with autism from their mothers, recording their actions for date to support their hypothesis. Many people challenged this theory, such as psychologist Benard Rimland who had a child with Autism. He denounced the hypothesis that mothers not being affectionate to their children, stating that his and his wife parenting skills were not the cause of this disability. In 1946 he published, Infantile Autism: The Syndrome and its Implications for Neural Theory and Behavior, sharing a new perspective and theory of what causes autism (Mandal, 2009). As time progressed so did awareness for autism and new development in teaching and therapy. By the 1980s the Erica foundation started education and therapy for children with autism. Also in the 1980s research gained momentum, concluding that parenting had no role in the causation of autism. In 1991 the federal government adds Autism Spectrum Disorder to the special education category, allowing public

Autism was discovered back then when many doctors did studies and clinical trials on young patients. Eugen Bleuler coined the word "autism" in 1908 among severely withdrawn schizophrenic patients. In 1943 American child psychiatrist Leo Kanner studied 11 children. From the early 1900s, autism has referred to a range of neuropsychological conditions. The word "autism" comes from the Greek word "autos," which means "self." It describes conditions in which a person is removed from social interaction. In other words, he becomes an “isolated self.” Over time, psychiatrists have developed a systematic way of describing autism and related conditions. All of these conditions are placed within a group of conditions called Autism Spectrum Disorders. (Learn more about Treatment of Autism’s Core Symptoms and Treatment of Associated Medical Conditions) Depending on how severe symptoms are, they are classified under level 1, 2 or 3.

Autism is one of a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). These are characterized by problems with communication and social interaction. Patients often demonstrate restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behavior patterns or interests. According to the Autism Society, autism symptoms typically become clearly evident during early childhood, between 24 months and 6 years of age. Symptoms include a marked delay in language and intellectual development. There may be signs of obsessive and/or antisocial behavior. Autism symptoms can range from mild to severe. Some people may be considered autistic but manage to function in society without many setbacks. For others, the condition can have a substantial

The diagnosis of autism is crucial, but also can be very difficult due to the fact that there are no obvious visual signs, like there is in cases of Down syndrome. Symptoms of autism as a whole can include little to no communication or abnormal conversation, reduced emotions, attentiveness, eye contact and facial expression. The lack of verbal communication can lead to screaming, yelling, hitting or grabbing. Repetitive behavior is the most common symptom, such as sounds, hand flapping and rocking. Many require an everyday routine and do not handle change well, this sometimes can result in self-inflicted pain by head banging, vomiting, and scratching. There are also different severities in autism, increasing when the ability to adjust decreases; all should be monitored by a specialist or someone whom they have an emotional attachment that they can feel safe

The word autism  was first used in 1908 to explain the unsociable and introverted behaviors of patients. In 1938 Donald T. was known as the first autistic child observed and written about. Leo Kanner and Hans Asperger both state that they explored autism in their individual articles published 1943 and 1944 respectively, however, there is some debate about the true founder of ASD. Leo Kanner, Austrian-born American child psychiatrist, published The Nervous Child (1943) which analysed 11 children who displayed “a powerful desire for aloneness” and “an obsessive insistence on persistent sameness.” these children were still extremely intelligent in certain aspects. A “milder” condition of autism was described by an Austrian-born German scientist,