Pulmonary Embolism Research Paper

The clinical picture of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is not similar from various aspect of its pathophysiological course presenting from minimal symptoms to variety of severity of disease like severe hypoxia, hypotension, right heart failure and death1. Massive pulmonary embolism is defined as obstruction of blood flow to a lobe or multiple segments of the lung, or for unstable hemodynamics, i.e. failure to maintain blood pressure without supportive measures.” This case highlights about aggressiveness of treatment and role of thrombolytic therapy for a severely hemodynamic unstable patient2.

There's also other scans such as a ventilation perfusion scan, this looks for blood clots along the pathway to the lungs. Other

A coronary angiography provides information about the hearts blood pressure and functioning. This procedure can identify whether the coronary arteries are blocked or narrowing. A tube/camera is passed through an artery in the groin or arm; it is guided using x-rays up to the heart. A coronary angiogram is a safe procedure, but there are some small side affect. You may feel a slightly strange sensation when the dye is put down the catheter, a small amount of bleeding when the catheter is removed, a bruise in your groin or arm.

Cerebral Carotid ultrasound, this creates a detailed image of the interior of the carotid artier, which will show the buildup of fatty plaque the patient may have ("Diagnosis - Stroke - Mayo Clinic," 2015). Cerebral Angiogram, is a procedure in which a tube is inserted through the groin and dye is injected so the vessels become visible through X-ray image that will show the vessels in the brain and the neck. Echocardiogram is the sound waved the heart makes from the heart to the brain, this will show a blood clot that causes a stroke ("Diagnosis - Stroke - Mayo Clinic," 2015). The physician will also order some blood work to be done, they will look at blood clotting, sugar absorbency, any possible imbalances and any possible infections ("Diagnosis - Stroke - Mayo Clinic,"

ngiography is a test used to detect blockages of the arteries or veins. It is

Angiograms are for diagnostic purposes so in the x-ray imaging one would look for a narrowing of the artery/vein. The x-ray moves takes 2-5 second videos from five different angles of the heart. During this time they surgeon and those in the control room look for any potential plaque blockages where the vessel becomes restricted and the color of the dye is not as dark. Of the eight angiograms five needed stents or valve replacements. They also pump a large amount of dye into the left ventricle of the heart to see the strength at which it is pumping. The first angiogram procedure I saw was on this 350lb man who was having heart arrhythmias and through this procedure they were able to determine that there was a 70% blockage in one of his arteries. However, Dr. Reichard wanted to do further investigation to see how much blood was getting through to determine if

A epidemic is a disease that spreads through a large area and causes dead people in that large area, in a short span of time. In the following writing, the epidemic Venous Thromboembolism is going to be talked about. VTE affected a large population in Australia and the risk factors linked to the disease and the preventive measures have also been discussed in the paragraphs next.

Pt also has a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with an inferior vena cava filter to capture any lose blood cells. The chest pain he is experiencing is no cardiac secondary to chest wall pain which is symptoms of his small cell carcinoma of the lung. Patient is required to use oxygen as needed for his SOB secondary to his lung cancer. No evidence of a compression fracture was found in the spine, patient has prior laminectomy postoperative changes in the lower lumbar secondary to previous falls.

A chest x-ray is the primary way to diagnose a pneumothorax. Generally two chest x-rays will be taken, one on inspiration and one on expiration. This allows to better visualize the collapsed lung. An additional CT scan may be required. Ultrasound may also be used.

Chest x-rays can indicate shadows on the lungs that indicate scar tissue. It is usually one of the first diagnostic tests performed. Occasionally a person has a normal chest x-ray even though they have pulmonary fibrosis. An HRCT scan gives a sharper image of lungs and can detect damaged and scarred tissue.

Pulmonary hypertension. Shortness of breath and trouble breathing are regular manifestations of this condition, which might be deadly.

Pulmonary edema is life threatening. It can occur suddenly or progress over time. When pulmonary edema develops suddenly it is known as acute pulmonary edema and requires immediate medical treatment. It can be treated with medication and oxygen. The cause of the edema needs to be treated as well (Mayo Clinic Staff).

tissue can be removed and examined, or an x-ray to examine for pulmonary edema, fluid

If a blood clot in your legs breaks away from the vein wall, it may travel to your lungs. This is a pulmonary embolism and is very serious. There may not be any symptoms, but if you start suddenly coughing and bring up blood or have sharp chest pain and shortness of breath with severe lightheadedness, you should immediately

Thrombin is a naturally occurring protein that is present in the blood of humans and animals. The main function of thrombin is as an intermediate step during hemostasis, which slows bleeding by forming blood clots. Thrombin acts as an enzyme during an injury, converting fibrinogen to fibrin, which then causes blood clots to form. Due to its properties, thrombin’s application to the medical field includes topical surgery in the case of minor injuries as well as various other medical procedures such as neurosurgical operations. Apart from applications in the medical field, thrombin also plays significant roles by directly interacting with endothelial cells throughout the body.