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Questions On Normal Body Responses

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Assignment 2
2.1 Explain normal body responses to everyday activities
Breathing
The respiratory system is the inhalation and exhalation of air; this is so that the body can take in oxygen which is used by every cell in the body. It allows oxygen into the lungs and carbon dioxide out of the lungs. Breathing in is when the intercostal muscles relax and external intercostal muscles contract, this causes the ribcage to move up and outwards. Also by breathing in the diaphragm contracts, which pulls downwards and flattens, the lung volume increases and the pressure inside decreases, furthermore the air is pushed into the lungs. On the other hand breathing out is more than less the opposite of breathing in. when the body breathes out the external intercostal muscles relax and the intercostal muscles contract, the ribcage also pulls downwards and inwards, the diaphragm too relaxes causing it to move upwards back to its dome shape, the lungs volume decreases and the air pressure inside increases and air is pushed out of the lungs. Gas exchange takes place in the lungs in the alveoli; the alveoli have thin walls- makes diffusion easier, large surface area, moist surface and many blood capillaries. For aerobic respiration to take place it needs oxygen, which releases huge quantity of energy in food as it being broken-down. The equation for aerobic respiration is glucose (from the food we eat) + oxygen (from breathing in) = carbon dioxide + water (+ energy in the form of ATP). The

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